Question 1

_______ is the most ancient group with the eukaryotic domain.

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 2

_______, first seen in the gymnosperms, were a major evolutionary development; they both protect the embryo and provide an initial source of nutrients.

Accepted Answer

Seeds

Question 3

The first plant group to develop seeds was the

Accepted Answer

A)  mosses. 
B)  ferns. 
C)  gymnosperms. 
D)  angiosperms. 
A)  mosses. 
B)  ferns. 
C)  gymnosperms. 
D)  angiosperms. C

Question 4

The most ancient of the Eukarya are

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungi. 
B)  Animalia. 
C)  Protista. 
D)  Plantae. 
A)  Fungi. 
B)  Animalia. 
C)  Protista. 
D)  Plantae.

Question 5

The vertebrates, which include organisms such as humans, birds, and frogs, illustrate that very different forms can evolve from one basic body plan. The observation that these diverse organisms share a general body plan supports the hypothesis that

Accepted Answer

A)  they may simply be different variations of the same species. 
B)  evolution discovers and produces the most useful features for a given point in time. 
C)  they form a lineage that began with a common ancestor. 
D)  highly adaptive traits have a high probability of evolving independently within otherwise unrelated groups. 
A)  they may simply be different variations of the same species. 
B)  evolution discovers and produces the most useful features for a given point in time. 
C)  they form a lineage that began with a common ancestor. 
D)  highly adaptive traits have a high probability of evolving independently within otherwise unrelated groups.

Question 6

The flower is the basic reproductive structure of a plant; thus, all plants produce flowers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Mutualistic organisms are more commonly termed parasites.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A distinguishing difference between bacteria and archaeans is

Accepted Answer

A)  that bacteria are prokaryotic and archaeans are eukaryotic. 
B)  the molecules used to construct their cell walls. 
C)  the presence of membrane-bound organelles only in bacteria. 
D)  the greater size of the bacterial nucleus. 
A)  that bacteria are prokaryotic and archaeans are eukaryotic. 
B)  the molecules used to construct their cell walls. 
C)  the presence of membrane-bound organelles only in bacteria. 
D)  the greater size of the bacterial nucleus.

Question 9

Flowers are the organs of reproduction in angiosperms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Although exceptions exist, reproduction in most eukaryotes involves

Accepted Answer

A)  two individuals combining DNA during the formation of a new organism. 
B)  one individual dividing to make two identical organisms. 
C)  two individuals fusing to form one organism. 
D)  the cells of an individual dividing. 
A)  two individuals combining DNA during the formation of a new organism. 
B)  one individual dividing to make two identical organisms. 
C)  two individuals fusing to form one organism. 
D)  the cells of an individual dividing.

Question 11

What resources do plants use to produce the sugar molecules that their cells use for fuel?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide, water, and light energy 
B)  nitrogen and oxygen 
C)  water and pond scum 
D)  water, nitrogen, and iron 
A)  carbon dioxide, water, and light energy 
B)  nitrogen and oxygen 
C)  water and pond scum 
D)  water, nitrogen, and iron

Question 12

The vertebrates are grouped into a lineage because all of members possess an internal _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The vertebrates are grouped into a lineage...

Question 13

The most commonly used classification system includes 12 kingdoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Although costly to produce, the large number of plants producing fruit attest to its success as an adaptation; in what way is fruit production helpful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fruits attract pollinators like insects and birds to move pollen between different plants. 
B)  Fruit toxins can discourage potential consumers from eating the plant. 
C)  Plants can store energy in fruits during summer and then later recover the energy during winter, when the fruit decomposes. 
D)  Consumers eating fruits also eat seeds that when not digested can be deposited far from the parent plant. 
A)  Fruits attract pollinators like insects and birds to move pollen between different plants. 
B)  Fruit toxins can discourage potential consumers from eating the plant. 
C)  Plants can store energy in fruits during summer and then later recover the energy during winter, when the fruit decomposes. 
D)  Consumers eating fruits also eat seeds that when not digested can be deposited far from the parent plant.

Question 15

Speculate on the diversity of life on Earth if plants had never evolved.

Accepted Answer

A)  The existence of large multicellular consumers like animals would be unlikely. 
B)  Since protists evolved before plants and can derive their energy by consuming bacteria, they could be expected to be common. 
C)  Bacterial life would be less diverse than it is presently. 
D)  All of the above are reasonable hypotheses. 
A)  The existence of large multicellular consumers like animals would be unlikely. 
B)  Since protists evolved before plants and can derive their energy by consuming bacteria, they could be expected to be common. 
C)  Bacterial life would be less diverse than it is presently. 
D)  All of the above are reasonable hypotheses.

Question 16

Microscopic examination can often resolve questions in taxonomy, for example, cells that possess a nucleus are never classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryote. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  archaean. 
D)  protist. 
A)  eukaryote. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  archaean. 
D)  protist.

Question 17

A waxy covering known as the _______ was an important adaptation for terrestrial life; it helps keep land plants from drying out when exposed to sun and wind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A waxy covering known as the _______...

Question 18

The inset in the figure below shows halobacterium, an archaean that lives in environments with very high salinities.  
What hypothesis can explain the extreme habitats of the archaeans?

Accepted Answer

A)  They came to earth from other planets, where harsher conditions prevail. 
B)  They would be more widespread, but are unable to successfully compete with bacteria and now occupy habitats where bacteria cannot live. 
C)  Archaeans evolved when Earth was much less hospitable, and are now relegated to those habitats most similar to early Earth. 
D)  Numerous food resources are available and unexploited in Earth's extreme habitats. 
A)  They came to earth from other planets, where harsher conditions prevail. 
B)  They would be more widespread, but are unable to successfully compete with bacteria and now occupy habitats where bacteria cannot live. 
C)  Archaeans evolved when Earth was much less hospitable, and are now relegated to those habitats most similar to early Earth. 
D)  Numerous food resources are available and unexploited in Earth's extreme habitats.

Question 19

What best explains why bacteria can reproduce so much more rapidly than an organism like a mushroom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mushrooms reproduce using spores that require a lengthy exposure to the environment before the outer coating can break open. 
B)  Bacteria live in extreme environments and can avoid having to wait for more favorable conditions to reproduce, like mushrooms and other plants. 
C)  Since most bacteria cause disease they are avoided by consumers, while organisms like mushrooms are quickly eaten, preventing rapid population growth. 
D)  Mushrooms reproduce sexually, so the proper mating types must contact one another before reproduction can proceed. 
A)  Mushrooms reproduce using spores that require a lengthy exposure to the environment before the outer coating can break open. 
B)  Bacteria live in extreme environments and can avoid having to wait for more favorable conditions to reproduce, like mushrooms and other plants. 
C)  Since most bacteria cause disease they are avoided by consumers, while organisms like mushrooms are quickly eaten, preventing rapid population growth. 
D)  Mushrooms reproduce sexually, so the proper mating types must contact one another before reproduction can proceed.

Question 20

Carbon and energy are among the most basic life resources and organisms have been classified with respect to how they are obtained. What term describes an organism that obtains these substances from rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoheterotroph 
B)  photoautotroph 
C)  photoheterotroph 
D)  chemoautotroph 
A)  chemoheterotroph 
B)  photoautotroph 
C)  photoheterotroph 
D)  chemoautotroph

Exam 3: Major Groups of Living Organisms

_______ is the most ancient group with the eukaryotic domain.

_______, first seen in the gymnosperms, were a major evolutionary development; they both protect the embryo and provide an initial source of nutrients.

The first plant group to develop seeds was the

The most ancient of the Eukarya are

The vertebrates, which include organisms such as humans, birds, and frogs, illustrate that very different forms can evolve from one basic body plan. The observation that these diverse organisms share a general body plan supports the hypothesis that

The flower is the basic reproductive structure of a plant; thus, all plants produce flowers.

Mutualistic organisms are more commonly termed parasites.

A distinguishing difference between bacteria and archaeans is

Flowers are the organs of reproduction in angiosperms.

Although exceptions exist, reproduction in most eukaryotes involves

What resources do plants use to produce the sugar molecules that their cells use for fuel?

The vertebrates are grouped into a lineage because all of members possess an internal _______.

The most commonly used classification system includes 12 kingdoms.

Although costly to produce, the large number of plants producing fruit attest to its success as an adaptation; in what way is fruit production helpful?

Speculate on the diversity of life on Earth if plants had never evolved.

Microscopic examination can often resolve questions in taxonomy, for example, cells that possess a nucleus are never classified as

A waxy covering known as the _______ was an important adaptation for terrestrial life; it helps keep land plants from drying out when exposed to sun and wind.

The inset in the figure below shows halobacterium, an archaean that lives in environments with very high salinities. What hypothesis can explain the extreme habitats of the archaeans?

What best explains why bacteria can reproduce so much more rapidly than an organism like a mushroom?

Carbon and energy are among the most basic life resources and organisms have been classified with respect to how they are obtained. What term describes an organism that obtains these substances from rock?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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