Question 1

The main body of a fungus is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  mycelium. 
B)  mitochondrion. 
C)  gymnosperm. 
D)  septum. 
A)  mycelium. 
B)  mitochondrion. 
C)  gymnosperm. 
D)  septum.

Question 2

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below.  
One prediction based on the arrangement of ciliates in the illustration is that the DNA of

Accepted Answer

A)  the green algae would share more in common with the plants than with the diplomonads. 
B)  the diatoms and water molds would be more similar to one another than any other protist. 
C)  the diplomonads would constitute a large percentage of the DNA of all other protists. 
D)  All of the above predictions are reasonable. 
A)  the green algae would share more in common with the plants than with the diplomonads. 
B)  the diatoms and water molds would be more similar to one another than any other protist. 
C)  the diplomonads would constitute a large percentage of the DNA of all other protists. 
D)  All of the above predictions are reasonable.

Question 3

The figure below shows the vertebrates and arthropods to be distantly related, yet each has features, like limbs and jaws, seen in no other groups.  
How can such an obvious similarity be discounted in favor of embryological development as a basis for classification?

Accepted Answer

A)  The decision to overlook certain features reveals the arbitrary nature of classification and explains why there is so little agreement among taxonomists. 
B)  Limbs are not discounted by taxonomists; they were acquired from a common ancestor but later lost by the mollusks, annelids, and echinoderms. 
C)  Embryos are securely protected during development and have little need to evolve; shared inherited features indicate a common ancestor. 
D)  Examination of the embryos of all animals with body cavities reveals limbs, but they are unnecessary for some lifestyles and so they degenerate. 
A)  The decision to overlook certain features reveals the arbitrary nature of classification and explains why there is so little agreement among taxonomists. 
B)  Limbs are not discounted by taxonomists; they were acquired from a common ancestor but later lost by the mollusks, annelids, and echinoderms. 
C)  Embryos are securely protected during development and have little need to evolve; shared inherited features indicate a common ancestor. 
D)  Examination of the embryos of all animals with body cavities reveals limbs, but they are unnecessary for some lifestyles and so they degenerate.

Question 4

Resolving the relationship between the various kingdoms has been challenging because species often resemble one another; for example, the _______ contain some organisms that are animal-like and others that are plant-like.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  fungi 
C)  archaeans 
D)  protists 
A)  bacteria 
B)  fungi 
C)  archaeans 
D)  protists

Question 5

The ________ were the first plant group to evolve a vascular system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ were the first plant group...

Question 6

Prokaryotes obtain their nutrition in a variety of ways; all of the following methods except ______ have been observed.

Accepted Answer

A)  consuming other organisms 
B)  acquiring carbon from nonliving sources 
C)  using noncarbon-based nutritional systems 
D)  photosynthesis 
A)  consuming other organisms 
B)  acquiring carbon from nonliving sources 
C)  using noncarbon-based nutritional systems 
D)  photosynthesis

Question 7

The organisms found living inside boiling-hot geysers can be described as thermophiles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Honeybees have declined dramatically within the United States in recent years, but it's important to note that the honeybee is not a native species; it is native to Asia. If the honeybee disappears entirely,

Accepted Answer

A)  native pollinators will quickly replace it, both restoring the natural ecological order and maintaining normal plant pollination. 
B)  existing insects will quickly evolve to take advantage of the lack of competition for nectar and pollen in its absence. 
C)  plants will quickly evolve different methods of pollen dispersal, like wind pollination, to avoid extinction themselves. 
D)  farming will have to significantly change since most modern crops are horticulturally modified and poorly pollinated by native species. 
A)  native pollinators will quickly replace it, both restoring the natural ecological order and maintaining normal plant pollination. 
B)  existing insects will quickly evolve to take advantage of the lack of competition for nectar and pollen in its absence. 
C)  plants will quickly evolve different methods of pollen dispersal, like wind pollination, to avoid extinction themselves. 
D)  farming will have to significantly change since most modern crops are horticulturally modified and poorly pollinated by native species.

Question 9

Cells carry out many chemical processes, some of which produce toxic by-products. If you were designing a cell from known components, which of the following would provide the best method of protecting the cell from its own toxic by-products while allowing it to complete the chemical reactions necessary for life?

Accepted Answer

A)  modify the cell membrane so that the toxin could diffuse to the outside of the cell but not reenter 
B)  isolate the toxin-producing reactions within an organelle 
C)  improve the photosynthetic process to produce more energy 
D)  devise a noncarbon-based cellular chemistry 
A)  modify the cell membrane so that the toxin could diffuse to the outside of the cell but not reenter 
B)  isolate the toxin-producing reactions within an organelle 
C)  improve the photosynthetic process to produce more energy 
D)  devise a noncarbon-based cellular chemistry

Question 10

Taxonomy is the subdiscipline in biology that classifies living organisms; at the present time

Accepted Answer

A)  all living organisms have been discovered, named, and their relationships to other organisms described. 
B)  humans have just finished a complete count of the number of species on Earth. 
C)  the diversity of organisms on Earth is not completely known and estimates of the number of unknown species vary 10-fold. 
D)  there is no consensus regarding the proper classification system of currently known organisms. 
A)  all living organisms have been discovered, named, and their relationships to other organisms described. 
B)  humans have just finished a complete count of the number of species on Earth. 
C)  the diversity of organisms on Earth is not completely known and estimates of the number of unknown species vary 10-fold. 
D)  there is no consensus regarding the proper classification system of currently known organisms.

Question 11

No single characteristic is sufficient to describe a kingdom, for example, plants and some bacteria share in common

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to photosynthesize. 
B)  the presence of a cell wall and the absence of a plasma membrane. 
C)  a heterotrophic lifestyle. 
D)  the ability to reproduce sexually. 
A)  the ability to photosynthesize. 
B)  the presence of a cell wall and the absence of a plasma membrane. 
C)  a heterotrophic lifestyle. 
D)  the ability to reproduce sexually.

Question 12

Seeds contain the embryos of plants and nutrients to assist with germination and initial growth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following terms describes organisms that can survive in extremely salty environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  thermophiles 
B)  halophiles 
C)  methanogens 
D)  none of the above 
A)  thermophiles 
B)  halophiles 
C)  methanogens 
D)  none of the above

Question 14

Without angiosperms, mosses could not reproduce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Life on earth appears to have began in the water; the first organisms believed to colonize land were

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  plants. 
D)  animals. 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  plants. 
D)  animals.

Question 17

Protists display the earliest version of sexual reproduction, whereby

Accepted Answer

A)  separate male and female protists within the same species mate. 
B)  females of one protist species mate with males of another protist species. 
C)  special cells called gametes fuse together to produce a new individual. 
D)  an individual splits into two individuals that then mate with one another. 
A)  separate male and female protists within the same species mate. 
B)  females of one protist species mate with males of another protist species. 
C)  special cells called gametes fuse together to produce a new individual. 
D)  an individual splits into two individuals that then mate with one another.

Question 18

Which of the following would you most likely find surviving in a boiling-hot spring?

Accepted Answer

A)  an archaean 
B)  bacteria 
C)  a eukaryote 
D)  none of the above 
A)  an archaean 
B)  bacteria 
C)  a eukaryote 
D)  none of the above

Question 19

In nature, fungi function primarily as _______, getting their nutrition from dead and dying organisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In nature, fungi function primarily as _______,...

Question 20

In addition to the Bacteria, which other kingdom is comprised exclusively of prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea 
B)  Fungi 
C)  Protista 
D)  Plantae 
A)  Archaea 
B)  Fungi 
C)  Protista 
D)  Plantae

Exam 3: Major Groups of Living Organisms

The main body of a fungus is known as the

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below. One prediction based on the arrangement of ciliates in the illustration is that the DNA of

The figure below shows the vertebrates and arthropods to be distantly related, yet each has features, like limbs and jaws, seen in no other groups. How can such an obvious similarity be discounted in favor of embryological development as a basis for classification?

Resolving the relationship between the various kingdoms has been challenging because species often resemble one another; for example, the _______ contain some organisms that are animal-like and others that are plant-like.

The ________ were the first plant group to evolve a vascular system.

Prokaryotes obtain their nutrition in a variety of ways; all of the following methods except ______ have been observed.

The organisms found living inside boiling-hot geysers can be described as thermophiles.

Honeybees have declined dramatically within the United States in recent years, but it's important to note that the honeybee is not a native species; it is native to Asia. If the honeybee disappears entirely,

Taxonomy is the subdiscipline in biology that classifies living organisms; at the present time

No single characteristic is sufficient to describe a kingdom, for example, plants and some bacteria share in common

Seeds contain the embryos of plants and nutrients to assist with germination and initial growth.

Which of the following terms describes organisms that can survive in extremely salty environments?

Without angiosperms, mosses could not reproduce.

Aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen.

Life on earth appears to have began in the water; the first organisms believed to colonize land were

Protists display the earliest version of sexual reproduction, whereby

Which of the following would you most likely find surviving in a boiling-hot spring?

In nature, fungi function primarily as _______, getting their nutrition from dead and dying organisms.

In addition to the Bacteria, which other kingdom is comprised exclusively of prokaryotic organisms?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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