Question 1

A fever is the product of an out-of-control immune response to a parasite.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The human immune system contains trillions of specialized cells of several kinds, all of which help destroy invaders. What are these cells called?

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells 
B)  white blood cells 
C)  lymphatic cells 
D)  blood plasma 
A)  red blood cells 
B)  white blood cells 
C)  lymphatic cells 
D)  blood plasma B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about infection by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most AIDS victims go through a period of up to 15 years between infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms. 
B)  In the early part of the infection, killer T lymphocytes destroy helper T lymphocytes infected by the virus. 
C)  The antigens on the protein coat of the HIV remain the same through time. 
D)  The victim's immune system eventually collapses, and normally harmless infections cause death. 
A)  Most AIDS victims go through a period of up to 15 years between infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms. 
B)  In the early part of the infection, killer T lymphocytes destroy helper T lymphocytes infected by the virus. 
C)  The antigens on the protein coat of the HIV remain the same through time. 
D)  The victim's immune system eventually collapses, and normally harmless infections cause death. C

Question 4

The body responds to tissue damage by mounting an immediate and coordinated sequence of events called the

Accepted Answer

A)  specific immune response. 
B)  prostaglandin response. 
C)  inflammatory response. 
D)  histamine response. 
A)  specific immune response. 
B)  prostaglandin response. 
C)  inflammatory response. 
D)  histamine response.

Question 5

Memory cells

Accepted Answer

A)  include B and T cells that remain in the body for long periods of time after the first exposure to a pathogen. 
B)  are macrophages that store copies of antibodies for decades. 
C)  make copies of T cells that remain active long after the primary response has ended. 
D)  become T cells during a secondary response to a pathogen. 
A)  include B and T cells that remain in the body for long periods of time after the first exposure to a pathogen. 
B)  are macrophages that store copies of antibodies for decades. 
C)  make copies of T cells that remain active long after the primary response has ended. 
D)  become T cells during a secondary response to a pathogen.

Question 6

The antibodies released by activated B cells specifically target

Accepted Answer

A)  killer T cells. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  platelets. 
A)  killer T cells. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  platelets.

Question 7

Complement proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  kill invaders. 
B)  are precursors to antibodies. 
C)  repel macrophages. 
D)  break down antigens. 
A)  kill invaders. 
B)  are precursors to antibodies. 
C)  repel macrophages. 
D)  break down antigens.

Question 8

The term clonal in clonal selection refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  a lymphocyte can be easily converted into a stem cell line for laboratory research. 
B)  a single activated B cell produces many identical copies of the antibody, which react to the antigen that activated the B cell. 
C)  an activated B cell can convert itself quickly into helper and killer T cells that are specific for the same antigen. 
D)  once activated, a specific lymphocyte makes many identical copies of itself. 
A)  a lymphocyte can be easily converted into a stem cell line for laboratory research. 
B)  a single activated B cell produces many identical copies of the antibody, which react to the antigen that activated the B cell. 
C)  an activated B cell can convert itself quickly into helper and killer T cells that are specific for the same antigen. 
D)  once activated, a specific lymphocyte makes many identical copies of itself.

Question 9

Why is it important that white blood cells are able to travel outside the human circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  In order to form a complement, white blood cells must leave the circulatory vessels. 
B)  White blood cells are the antibodies that target parasites. 
C)  Pathogens may be found in areas of the body other than within circulatory vessels. 
D)  White blood cells must leave the circulatory system in order to return red blood cells to the circulatory vessels. 
A)  In order to form a complement, white blood cells must leave the circulatory vessels. 
B)  White blood cells are the antibodies that target parasites. 
C)  Pathogens may be found in areas of the body other than within circulatory vessels. 
D)  White blood cells must leave the circulatory system in order to return red blood cells to the circulatory vessels.

Question 10

While pruning your roses, you get scratched by a thorn. A few days later, you notice that the scratch is filled with yellowish pus. What is this pus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophils and macrophages that die after consuming their fill of the bacteria that entered your wound. 
B)  Living bacteria that have been successful in avoiding your immune system. 
C)  Dead self cells and bacterial waste products. 
D)  Concentrated prostaglandins produced by injured tissue cells. 
A)  Neutrophils and macrophages that die after consuming their fill of the bacteria that entered your wound. 
B)  Living bacteria that have been successful in avoiding your immune system. 
C)  Dead self cells and bacterial waste products. 
D)  Concentrated prostaglandins produced by injured tissue cells.

Question 11

Once B cells become effector cells, they

Accepted Answer

A)  produce the antigens that attach to antibodies. 
B)  release free-standing antibodies. 
C)  release free-standing antigens. 
D)  bind to infected T cells. 
A)  produce the antigens that attach to antibodies. 
B)  release free-standing antibodies. 
C)  release free-standing antigens. 
D)  bind to infected T cells.

Question 12

Lymphocytes surround and digest the damaged host cells and the marked cells of the invading organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Interferons are thought to "interfere" with viral infection because they

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent virus particles from entering neighboring, uninfected cells. 
B)  create holes in the plasma membranes of infected cells. 
C)  attach to the DNA of viruses, preventing their replication. 
D)  prevent the function of natural killer cells, making it more difficult for the immune system to fight off an infection. 
A)  prevent virus particles from entering neighboring, uninfected cells. 
B)  create holes in the plasma membranes of infected cells. 
C)  attach to the DNA of viruses, preventing their replication. 
D)  prevent the function of natural killer cells, making it more difficult for the immune system to fight off an infection.

Question 14

This graph depicts the immune response following a vaccine and a booster shot.
   
The line labeled with the letter _____ represents the response after the initial vaccine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This graph depicts the immune response following...

Question 15

Prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

A)  shut down capillaries near a wound. 
B)  produce histamines. 
C)  act as antigens to attract lymphocytes. 
D)  stimulate fever in response to wounding. 
A)  shut down capillaries near a wound. 
B)  produce histamines. 
C)  act as antigens to attract lymphocytes. 
D)  stimulate fever in response to wounding.

Question 16

The immune system can detect cancerous cells because they display different cell surface proteins and carbohydrates than normal self cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Why does an area with tissue damage become warm and red during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

During the inflammatory response, cells

Question 18

At the site of a wound or cut, platelets combine with proteins in our blood to form

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  prostaglandins. 
D)  clots. 
A)  macrophages. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  prostaglandins. 
D)  clots.

Question 19

At various points along the lymphatic ducts lie _____ _____, pockets of tissue containing huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria, viruses, and foreign proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At various points along the lymphatic ducts...

Question 20

A vaccine contains

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies. 
B)  active B cells. 
C)  antigens. 
D)  active killer T cells. 
A)  antibodies. 
B)  active B cells. 
C)  antigens. 
D)  active killer T cells.

Exam 28: Defenses against Disease

A fever is the product of an out-of-control immune response to a parasite.

The human immune system contains trillions of specialized cells of several kinds, all of which help destroy invaders. What are these cells called?

Which of the following statements about infection by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is false?

The body responds to tissue damage by mounting an immediate and coordinated sequence of events called the

Memory cells

The antibodies released by activated B cells specifically target

Complement proteins

The term clonal in clonal selection refers to the fact that

Why is it important that white blood cells are able to travel outside the human circulatory system?

While pruning your roses, you get scratched by a thorn. A few days later, you notice that the scratch is filled with yellowish pus. What is this pus?

Once B cells become effector cells, they

Lymphocytes surround and digest the damaged host cells and the marked cells of the invading organism.

Interferons are thought to "interfere" with viral infection because they

This graph depicts the immune response following a vaccine and a booster shot. The line labeled with the letter _____ represents the response after the initial vaccine.

Prostaglandins

The immune system can detect cancerous cells because they display different cell surface proteins and carbohydrates than normal self cells.

Why does an area with tissue damage become warm and red during the inflammatory response?

At the site of a wound or cut, platelets combine with proteins in our blood to form

At various points along the lymphatic ducts lie _____ _____, pockets of tissue containing huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria, viruses, and foreign proteins.

A vaccine contains

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

Filters

At various points along the lymphatic ducts lie _ _, pockets of tissue containing huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria, viruses, and foreign proteins.