Exam 35: Interactions among Organisms

The corals in tropical reefs have a mutualistic relationship with

Antibiotic therapy sometimes reduces the population of gut-inhabiting microorganisms. Bloating and diarrhea often follow until the populations reestablish themselves. This observation suggests that these microorganisms participate in a ____ relationship with humans.

If a bird eats a monarch butterfly, the bird will vomit. Monarchs are brightly colored. This example demonstrates _______ coloration.

The fact that some organisms live in herds or flocks in order to protect themselves from predators is an example of _______ modification.

Mutualism is rare in nature.

The evolution of the animal immune system was probably driven by

Examine the graph below. Research indicates that goshawk predation is much less effective when prey species, like wood pigeons, are in large flocks. If this is true why do any small flocks exist at all?

In the course of observing cacti from several islands, researchers noted that on islands where cacti had been grazed by cows, they developed more spines per plant. This example shows that

A deer and a caterpillar are peacefully munching on the leaves of the same apple tree. This is an example of

The relationship between house pets and people would be best described as

A praying mantis captures and devours many pest insects. The relationship between the mantis and a grasshopper it is eating is one of

Responses that are directly stimulated by an attack from herbivores are _______ responses.

The release of a parasitic wasp in California helped control the infestation of scale insects on citrus trees. However, it also caused the near-extinction of a different species of parasitic wasp. Should we consider this experiment an unqualified success?

Human cells contain mitochondria, which are responsible for processing the energy needed by our cells. Remember that the ancestors of mitochondria may once have been free-living prokaryotes. If mitochondria were still considered to be separate organisms within our cells, which of the following would best describe our relationship with them?

When two similar species inhabit in the same area, they may over time evolve to become more different and

The interactions among organisms that reside in the same community or ecosystem are unlikely to have much effect on the physical aspects of those systems.

Flies belonging to the family Phoridae inject their eggs into fire ants. A larva that hatches from the egg devours the ant from the inside. The larva would be called a

During exploitation, consumer organisms never cause their prey to become extinct.

A species can participate in several symbiotic relationships simultaneously; for example, the invasive fire tree competes with native vegetation for soil nutrients and maintains a mutualistic relationship with root bacteria.

_______ are organisms consumed by other organisms.