Question 1

The human genome may contain only about 10 times the number of genes possessed by a bacterium. However,

Accepted Answer

A)  this increase in gene number produces far more than a 10-fold increase in the complexity of the genome. 
B)  bacteria have large areas of noncoding DNA in their genomes, which reduces the number of active genes. 
C)  humans produce more copies of each RNA molecule, thus increasing the variety of gene products. 
D)  the number of genes possessed by an organism has no bearing on its genetic complexity. 
A)  this increase in gene number produces far more than a 10-fold increase in the complexity of the genome. 
B)  bacteria have large areas of noncoding DNA in their genomes, which reduces the number of active genes. 
C)  humans produce more copies of each RNA molecule, thus increasing the variety of gene products. 
D)  the number of genes possessed by an organism has no bearing on its genetic complexity. A

Question 2

Human genes

Accepted Answer

A)  are unique to humans. 
B)  have similar counterparts in fruit flies and nematode worms. 
C)  are exactly like the equivalent genes in fruit flies. 
D)  are exactly like the equivalent genes in bacteria. 
A)  are unique to humans. 
B)  have similar counterparts in fruit flies and nematode worms. 
C)  are exactly like the equivalent genes in fruit flies. 
D)  are exactly like the equivalent genes in bacteria. B

Question 3

A theoretical organism with five genes that can either be on or off can produce ______ different combinations of RNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  25 
C)  32 
D)  243 
A)  16 
B)  25 
C)  32 
D)  243 C

Question 4

Genetic screening utilizes each of the following methods, except

Accepted Answer

A)  single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. 
B)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 
C)  chromosome counting. 
D)  the Watson model. 
A)  single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. 
B)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 
C)  chromosome counting. 
D)  the Watson model.

Question 5

Examine the figure below.  
How many different proteins could be produced as a result of the selective removal of introns from this mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 6

The current estimate of the number of genes in the human genome

Accepted Answer

A)  is based on the number of genes in the fruit fly genome. 
B)  has not changed from previous estimates. 
C)  is much greater than original estimates. 
D)  is much less that original estimates. 
A)  is based on the number of genes in the fruit fly genome. 
B)  has not changed from previous estimates. 
C)  is much greater than original estimates. 
D)  is much less that original estimates.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes shared by distantly related organisms generally produce vastly different RNA products. 
B)  Knowing the function of a gene in one organism has no bearing on the function of a similar gene in a distantly related organism. 
C)  Genes shared by unrelated organisms generally have totally different functions. 
D)  Knowing the functions of a gene in one organism can help us locate genes with similar functions in other organisms. 
A)  Genes shared by distantly related organisms generally produce vastly different RNA products. 
B)  Knowing the function of a gene in one organism has no bearing on the function of a similar gene in a distantly related organism. 
C)  Genes shared by unrelated organisms generally have totally different functions. 
D)  Knowing the functions of a gene in one organism can help us locate genes with similar functions in other organisms.

Question 8

Examine the figure below.
   
These two genes may have up to four different pattens of gene expression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A major difference between the sciences of genetics and genomics is

Accepted Answer

A)  the scale of the questions being asked. 
B)  that genetics includes the study of DNA, whereas genomics does not. 
C)  that genomics starts from totally new and different data. 
D)  that genomics is the study of how genes are expressed in cells, whereas genetics is the study of expression within entire organisms. 
A)  the scale of the questions being asked. 
B)  that genetics includes the study of DNA, whereas genomics does not. 
C)  that genomics starts from totally new and different data. 
D)  that genomics is the study of how genes are expressed in cells, whereas genetics is the study of expression within entire organisms.

Question 10

Unlike bacterial genomes, human genomes have_______ that must be removed from RNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike bacterial genomes, human genomes have_______ that...

Question 11

This is the karyotype of an individual with a genetic disorder.  
What is the cause of this disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  The individual has more than one X chromosome. 
B)  The individual has three copies of one of their chromosomes. 
C)  The individual has fewer than the normal number of autosomes. 
D)  Some of the chromosomes of this individual are bent rather than straight. 
A)  The individual has more than one X chromosome. 
B)  The individual has three copies of one of their chromosomes. 
C)  The individual has fewer than the normal number of autosomes. 
D)  Some of the chromosomes of this individual are bent rather than straight.

Question 12

Only 2 percent of the human genome contains DNA sequences that actually encode __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Only 2 percent of the human genome...

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the history of genetics is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle believed that parents passed biological information to their offspring. 
B)  Mendel discovered the structure of DNA. 
C)  Morgan's work on fruit flies revealed that genes are arranged in linkage groups. 
D)  Griffith showed that a transforming factor converted harmless bacteria into deadly bacteria. 
A)  Aristotle believed that parents passed biological information to their offspring. 
B)  Mendel discovered the structure of DNA. 
C)  Morgan's work on fruit flies revealed that genes are arranged in linkage groups. 
D)  Griffith showed that a transforming factor converted harmless bacteria into deadly bacteria.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the use of genomic research is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows the study of gene activity in the context of a whole cell or whole organism. 
B)  All the participants in a signal cascade can be observed working together. 
C)  It is possible to detect all the genes that are turned on or off in response to a hormone signal. 
D)  It does not produce much data, so the information is easy to analyze. 
A)  It allows the study of gene activity in the context of a whole cell or whole organism. 
B)  All the participants in a signal cascade can be observed working together. 
C)  It is possible to detect all the genes that are turned on or off in response to a hormone signal. 
D)  It does not produce much data, so the information is easy to analyze.

Question 15

_____ _____ is a new field in biology where scientists compare the genomes of different organisms.

Accepted Answer

Comparativ

Question 16

The fact that mammals (including humans) and fruit flies have similar genes regulating their daily "clocks" suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  these genes are also found in prokaryotes. 
B)  clock genes appeared recently in animal evolution. 
C)  mammals evolved from fruit flies. 
D)  maintaining a daily "clock" is essential to the normal function of all animals. 
A)  these genes are also found in prokaryotes. 
B)  clock genes appeared recently in animal evolution. 
C)  mammals evolved from fruit flies. 
D)  maintaining a daily "clock" is essential to the normal function of all animals.

Question 17

Why was Craig Venter's approach to sequencing the human genome controversial?

Accepted Answer

A)  He used some of his funding money to address the social and ethical issues of sequencing the human genome. 
B)  He competed with federally funded programs by using private funding. 
C)  He was the first to know what each gene's product did in the body. 
D)  He made the sequences of the genes available to the public. 
A)  He used some of his funding money to address the social and ethical issues of sequencing the human genome. 
B)  He competed with federally funded programs by using private funding. 
C)  He was the first to know what each gene's product did in the body. 
D)  He made the sequences of the genes available to the public.

Question 18

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) aid in the identification of the genes that cause a genetic disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The field of genomics

Accepted Answer

A)  is restricted to sequencing the genomes of prokaryotes. 
B)  compares genomes in a broad range of organisms. 
C)  produces genetically engineered medicines. 
D)  investigates molecular structure of DNA. 
A)  is restricted to sequencing the genomes of prokaryotes. 
B)  compares genomes in a broad range of organisms. 
C)  produces genetically engineered medicines. 
D)  investigates molecular structure of DNA.

Question 20

Which proteins would probably be the most similar between humans and fruit flies?

Accepted Answer

A)  the proteins used in cellular respiration 
B)  the proteins in nerve cells 
C)  the proteins in visual receptors 
D)  the proteins in taste receptors 
A)  the proteins used in cellular respiration 
B)  the proteins in nerve cells 
C)  the proteins in visual receptors 
D)  the proteins in taste receptors

Exam 41: Harnessing the Human Genome

The human genome may contain only about 10 times the number of genes possessed by a bacterium. However,

Human genes

A theoretical organism with five genes that can either be on or off can produce ______ different combinations of RNA.

Genetic screening utilizes each of the following methods, except

Examine the figure below. How many different proteins could be produced as a result of the selective removal of introns from this mRNA molecule?

The current estimate of the number of genes in the human genome

Which of the following statements is true?

Examine the figure below. These two genes may have up to four different pattens of gene expression.

A major difference between the sciences of genetics and genomics is

Unlike bacterial genomes, human genomes have_______ that must be removed from RNA molecules.

This is the karyotype of an individual with a genetic disorder. What is the cause of this disorder?

Only 2 percent of the human genome contains DNA sequences that actually encode __________.

Which of the following statements about the history of genetics is false?

Which of the following statements about the use of genomic research is false?

_____ _____ is a new field in biology where scientists compare the genomes of different organisms.

The fact that mammals (including humans) and fruit flies have similar genes regulating their daily "clocks" suggests that

Why was Craig Venter's approach to sequencing the human genome controversial?

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) aid in the identification of the genes that cause a genetic disorder.

The field of genomics

Which proteins would probably be the most similar between humans and fruit flies?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

Filters

_ _ is a new field in biology where scientists compare the genomes of different organisms.