Question 1

If a molecule of mRNA is a sentence, its bases are the letters and the codons are the _________.

Accepted Answer

words

Question 2

In the genetic code, an amino acid is specified by

Accepted Answer

A)  a stop codon. 
B)  rRNA. 
C)  a series of four introns. 
D)  a sequence of three mRNA bases. 
A)  a stop codon. 
B)  rRNA. 
C)  a series of four introns. 
D)  a sequence of three mRNA bases. D

Question 3

Proteins are produced directly from DNA, with no intermediate steps.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Bacteria and humans use the same DNA components, and both kinds of cells also perform transcription and translation. Which of the following choices is a potentially significant outcome of this shared mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, and thus they potentially could produce human proteins. 
B)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, thus they could evolve into humans. 
C)  Bacterial and human proteins are identical in amino acid sequence since the mechanism for producing them is the same. 
D)  Bacterial and human DNA are identical in sequence since the method for producing it is the same. 
A)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, and thus they potentially could produce human proteins. 
B)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, thus they could evolve into humans. 
C)  Bacterial and human proteins are identical in amino acid sequence since the mechanism for producing them is the same. 
D)  Bacterial and human DNA are identical in sequence since the method for producing it is the same.

Question 5

Most molecules of RNA are _______-stranded.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most molecules of RNA are _______-stranded....

Question 6

The stop codon is the sequence of bases at which transcription ends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A mutation occurs in the promoter of a gene. How might this mutation affect the production of the protein encoded by the gene?

Accepted Answer

If the sequence of the promote

Question 8

A tRNA molecule produced in a laboratory has the anticodon for the amino acid serine, but carries the amino acid lysine. When it reaches the serine codon on a molecule of mRNA where translation is underway what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  It won't bind with the codon on the mRNA molecule. 
B)  A potentially dysfunctional protein will result. 
C)  A proofreading enzyme will change lysine to serine. 
D)  Translation will stop. 
A)  It won't bind with the codon on the mRNA molecule. 
B)  A potentially dysfunctional protein will result. 
C)  A proofreading enzyme will change lysine to serine. 
D)  Translation will stop.

Question 9

The base sequence of mRNA specifies the sequence of amino acids in a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The base sequence of mRNA specifies the...

Question 10

Which of the following is a codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  U 
B)  UU 
C)  UUG 
D)  UUGG 
A)  U 
B)  UU 
C)  UUG 
D)  UUGG

Question 11

If a eukaryotic protein is to function properly ________ must be removed from the initial mRNA molecule and the remaining _____ must be joined together before translation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a eukaryotic protein is to function...

Question 12

A gene affects an organism's phenotype by controlling

Accepted Answer

A)  protein production. 
B)  the mutation rate. 
C)  the organism's environment. 
D)  the organism's ribosomes. 
A)  protein production. 
B)  the mutation rate. 
C)  the organism's environment. 
D)  the organism's ribosomes.

Question 13

If introns were not removed from newly made mRNA, which of the following results would be the most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The introns could not be used to produce the proteins the cell needs from them. 
B)  The resulting protein would be longer than if the introns were removed. 
C)  The resulting DNA would not code for the correct gene. 
D)  The resulting rRNA would not code for the correct protein. 
A)  The introns could not be used to produce the proteins the cell needs from them. 
B)  The resulting protein would be longer than if the introns were removed. 
C)  The resulting DNA would not code for the correct gene. 
D)  The resulting rRNA would not code for the correct protein.

Question 14

Changing even a few bases in a molecule of DNA always affects the protein product adversely.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following would be found only in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribose and uracil. 
B)  ribose and thymine 
C)  ribose and uracil 
D)  deoxyribose and uracil 
A)  deoxyribose and uracil. 
B)  ribose and thymine 
C)  ribose and uracil 
D)  deoxyribose and uracil

Question 16

It is possible for a mutation to occur and yet not alter the end product of translation if

Accepted Answer

A)  the RNA polymerase skips over the mutated area. 
B)  the new codon encodes the same amino acid. 
C)  a deletion mutation removes the entire codon. 
D)  mutation affects the active site of the protein product. 
A)  the RNA polymerase skips over the mutated area. 
B)  the new codon encodes the same amino acid. 
C)  a deletion mutation removes the entire codon. 
D)  mutation affects the active site of the protein product.

Question 17

Use the chart below to determine the chain of amino acids that would be produced by the entire sequence UGUACGAUAGGCUAG.

Accepted Answer

A)  ACAUGCUAUAUCCCG 
B)  ACATGCTATATCCCG 
C)  cysteine-threonine-isoleucine-glycine 
D)  cysteine-threonine-isoleucine-glycine-stop 
A)  ACAUGCUAUAUCCCG 
B)  ACATGCTATATCCCG 
C)  cysteine-threonine-isoleucine-glycine 
D)  cysteine-threonine-isoleucine-glycine-stop

Question 18

Consider a build-at-home bookshelf that comes with instructions and various pieces of wood as an analogy for translation. In this analogy, what would best match the job of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  the instructions 
B)  the person building the bookshelf 
C)  the pieces of wood 
D)  the bookshelf 
A)  the instructions 
B)  the person building the bookshelf 
C)  the pieces of wood 
D)  the bookshelf

Question 19

If a particular stretch of DNA has the base sequence TAC, what will be the base sequence of the anticodon of the tRNA that carries the amino acid encoded by that stretch of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  TAC 
B)  UAC 
C)  ATG 
D)  GUC 
A)  TAC 
B)  UAC 
C)  ATG 
D)  GUC

Question 20

The bases present in an RNA molecule are

Accepted Answer

A)  C, T, A, and G. 
B)  U, A, C, and G. 
C)  G, C ,U, and T. 
D)  U, C, T, and A. 
A)  C, T, A, and G. 
B)  U, A, C, and G. 
C)  G, C ,U, and T. 
D)  U, C, T, and A.

Exam 13: From Gene to Protein

If a molecule of mRNA is a sentence, its bases are the letters and the codons are the _________.

In the genetic code, an amino acid is specified by

Proteins are produced directly from DNA, with no intermediate steps.

Bacteria and humans use the same DNA components, and both kinds of cells also perform transcription and translation. Which of the following choices is a potentially significant outcome of this shared mechanism?

Most molecules of RNA are _______-stranded.

The stop codon is the sequence of bases at which transcription ends.

A mutation occurs in the promoter of a gene. How might this mutation affect the production of the protein encoded by the gene?

A tRNA molecule produced in a laboratory has the anticodon for the amino acid serine, but carries the amino acid lysine. When it reaches the serine codon on a molecule of mRNA where translation is underway what is the most likely outcome?

The base sequence of mRNA specifies the sequence of amino acids in a _______.

Which of the following is a codon?

If a eukaryotic protein is to function properly ________ must be removed from the initial mRNA molecule and the remaining _____ must be joined together before translation.

A gene affects an organism's phenotype by controlling

If introns were not removed from newly made mRNA, which of the following results would be the most likely to occur?

Changing even a few bases in a molecule of DNA always affects the protein product adversely.

Which of the following would be found only in RNA?

It is possible for a mutation to occur and yet not alter the end product of translation if

Use the chart below to determine the chain of amino acids that would be produced by the entire sequence UGUACGAUAGGCUAG.

Consider a build-at-home bookshelf that comes with instructions and various pieces of wood as an analogy for translation. In this analogy, what would best match the job of the ribosome?

If a particular stretch of DNA has the base sequence TAC, what will be the base sequence of the anticodon of the tRNA that carries the amino acid encoded by that stretch of DNA?

The bases present in an RNA molecule are

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

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Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

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If a eukaryotic protein is to function properly ____ must be removed from the initial mRNA molecule and the remaining _ must be joined together before translation.