Question 1

Which of the following does not provide an example of geographic isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two populations live in two valleys on opposite sides of a mountain range. 
B)  Two populations live on different mountains with a valley between them. 
C)  Two populations live on opposite sides of a river. 
D)  Two populations live in different parts of a small lake. 
A)  Two populations live in two valleys on opposite sides of a mountain range. 
B)  Two populations live on different mountains with a valley between them. 
C)  Two populations live on opposite sides of a river. 
D)  Two populations live in different parts of a small lake. D

Question 2

An organism is polyploid if it has more than two complete sets of ________.

Accepted Answer

chromosomes

Question 3

Which of the following most likely is not an adaptation by plants to attract animals for assistance with mating?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of nectar 
B)  brightly colored flower petals 
C)  absence of petals 
D)  sweet-smelling fragrance 
A)  production of nectar 
B)  brightly colored flower petals 
C)  absence of petals 
D)  sweet-smelling fragrance C

Question 4

Geographic isolation limits the _______ between populations of a species.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic differences 
B)  adaptation 
C)  directional selection 
D)  gene flow 
A)  genetic differences 
B)  adaptation 
C)  directional selection 
D)  gene flow

Question 5

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation, the factors that promote these differences

Accepted Answer

A)  must operate in populations that are not physically separated. 
B)  must have a greater effect than does the amount of ongoing gene flow. 
C)  need to be combined with the forces of genetic drift. 
D)  should include polyploidy. 
A)  must operate in populations that are not physically separated. 
B)  must have a greater effect than does the amount of ongoing gene flow. 
C)  need to be combined with the forces of genetic drift. 
D)  should include polyploidy.

Question 6

Great controversy exists regarding the "hobbits" of Flores Island. Which of the following arguments would not support the hypothesis that hobbits are the same species as modern humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  The different structure of the wrist bones found on Flores Island is an example of the level of nature variation exhibited by Homo sapiens. 
B)  Reconstructions of the hobbit brain show that it has unique structural features not seen in the brains of modern humans. 
C)  Modern populations of human pygmies of approximately the same size as the Flores hobbits exist on islands in the Philippines. 
D)  The island of Flores has never been isolated from other human populations by enough distance to prevent gene flow. 
A)  The different structure of the wrist bones found on Flores Island is an example of the level of nature variation exhibited by Homo sapiens. 
B)  Reconstructions of the hobbit brain show that it has unique structural features not seen in the brains of modern humans. 
C)  Modern populations of human pygmies of approximately the same size as the Flores hobbits exist on islands in the Philippines. 
D)  The island of Flores has never been isolated from other human populations by enough distance to prevent gene flow.

Question 7

Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gametes cannot join. 
B)  Zygote fails to develop. 
C)  Breeding seasons are different. 
D)  Courtship behaviors are different. 
A)  Gametes cannot join. 
B)  Zygote fails to develop. 
C)  Breeding seasons are different. 
D)  Courtship behaviors are different.

Question 8

Which of the following is responsible for the nearly perfect match in color pattern between a species of praying mantis (an insect) and the leaves on which it rests?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift 
B)  adaptive evolution 
C)  the Hardy-Weinberg equation 
D)  speciation 
A)  genetic drift 
B)  adaptive evolution 
C)  the Hardy-Weinberg equation 
D)  speciation

Question 9

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat. These species are

Accepted Answer

A)  geographically isolated. 
B)  ecologically isolated. 
C)  artificially isolated. 
D)  likely to produce hybrids. 
A)  geographically isolated. 
B)  ecologically isolated. 
C)  artificially isolated. 
D)  likely to produce hybrids.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptations are complex and always predesigned. 
B)  Some adaptations are so complex that they may appear to be predesigned. 
C)  Adaptations often involve more than a single characteristic of organisms. 
D)  Some adaptations help organisms defend against predators. 
A)  Adaptations are complex and always predesigned. 
B)  Some adaptations are so complex that they may appear to be predesigned. 
C)  Adaptations often involve more than a single characteristic of organisms. 
D)  Some adaptations help organisms defend against predators.

Question 11

The death of zygotes produced by the mating of individuals of two different populations is an example of how ___________ barriers can lead to reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The death of zygotes produced by the...

Question 12

In the figure below (left), two populations of one species of fruit flies are raised for several generations on different nutrients (starch and maltose). On the right, the members of the two populations were reintroduced and the mating frequencies of flies from the two different populations were recorded.  
Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  After only a few generations, these two populations have undergone speciation since they no longer mate with each other at high levels. 
B)  The two populations are in the early stages of reproductive isolation since male flies are more likely to mate with female flies that were raised on the same medium. 
C)  Fruit flies grown on starch for several generations are no longer capable of consuming maltose. 
D)  The original population of fruit flies actually consisted of two different species of fruit flies. When hybridization occurred between the two populations, only sterile offspring were produced. 
A)  After only a few generations, these two populations have undergone speciation since they no longer mate with each other at high levels. 
B)  The two populations are in the early stages of reproductive isolation since male flies are more likely to mate with female flies that were raised on the same medium. 
C)  Fruit flies grown on starch for several generations are no longer capable of consuming maltose. 
D)  The original population of fruit flies actually consisted of two different species of fruit flies. When hybridization occurred between the two populations, only sterile offspring were produced.

Question 13

Speciation generally occurs at a ________ rate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Speciation generally occurs at a ________ rate....

Question 14

The Eastern skunk cabbage, which blooms in very early spring, produces chemicals that smell like decaying meat. This plant has probably become adapted to mate with the assistance of

Accepted Answer

A)  butterflies. 
B)  honeybees. 
C)  flies. 
D)  wind. 
A)  butterflies. 
B)  honeybees. 
C)  flies. 
D)  wind.

Question 15

Speciation

Accepted Answer

A)  can result from geographic isolation. 
B)  is directed. 
C)  occurs only in ring species. 
D)  reduces variation. 
A)  can result from geographic isolation. 
B)  is directed. 
C)  occurs only in ring species. 
D)  reduces variation.

Question 16

Groups of organisms that live in regions with high mountains usually contain more species than those that live in nonmountainous regions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male deer with large branching antlers are more likely to mate. 
B)  A blue lizard washes away from a population of mostly green lizards during a hurricane and ends up on an island containing no other lizards to mate with. 
C)  One population of frogs mates in the deep water of a pond and another population of frogs mates on the shore of the same pond. 
D)  One individual from a population of fruit flies from an apple orchard is blown by heavy winds into another orchard where it mates with a different population of fruit flies. 
A)  Male deer with large branching antlers are more likely to mate. 
B)  A blue lizard washes away from a population of mostly green lizards during a hurricane and ends up on an island containing no other lizards to mate with. 
C)  One population of frogs mates in the deep water of a pond and another population of frogs mates on the shore of the same pond. 
D)  One individual from a population of fruit flies from an apple orchard is blown by heavy winds into another orchard where it mates with a different population of fruit flies.

Question 18

Speciation cannot occur without geographic isolation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Humans have directed the evolution of other organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Using reproductive isolation as a method of defining a species is not useful for

Accepted Answer

A)  species whose ranges overlap. 
B)  species that cannot produce hybrids. 
C)  organisms known only from fossils. 
D)  organisms that reproduce sexually. 
A)  species whose ranges overlap. 
B)  species that cannot produce hybrids. 
C)  organisms known only from fossils. 
D)  organisms that reproduce sexually.

Exam 18: Adaptation and Speciation

Which of the following does not provide an example of geographic isolation?

An organism is polyploid if it has more than two complete sets of ________.

Which of the following most likely is not an adaptation by plants to attract animals for assistance with mating?

Geographic isolation limits the _______ between populations of a species.

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation, the factors that promote these differences

Great controversy exists regarding the "hobbits" of Flores Island. Which of the following arguments would not support the hypothesis that hobbits are the same species as modern humans?

Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism?

Which of the following is responsible for the nearly perfect match in color pattern between a species of praying mantis (an insect) and the leaves on which it rests?

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat. These species are

Which of the following is not true?

The death of zygotes produced by the mating of individuals of two different populations is an example of how ___________ barriers can lead to reproductive isolation.

Speciation generally occurs at a ________ rate.

The Eastern skunk cabbage, which blooms in very early spring, produces chemicals that smell like decaying meat. This plant has probably become adapted to mate with the assistance of

Speciation

Groups of organisms that live in regions with high mountains usually contain more species than those that live in nonmountainous regions.

Which of the following is an example of reproductive isolation?

Speciation cannot occur without geographic isolation.

Humans have directed the evolution of other organisms.

Using reproductive isolation as a method of defining a species is not useful for

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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