Question 1

Polyploidy can lead to very rapid speciation in plants because

Accepted Answer

A)  polyploidy increases the amount of gene flow between polyploid plants and nonpolyploid plants. 
B)  the DNA sequences of essential genes are altered to such a degree that the polyploid plant can no longer mate with the original species. 
C)  the gametes of polyploid plants have too many chromosomes and cannot fuse to the gametes of the original species. 
D)  when a plant becomes polyploid, it often loses the ability to make gametes of any type. 
A)  polyploidy increases the amount of gene flow between polyploid plants and nonpolyploid plants. 
B)  the DNA sequences of essential genes are altered to such a degree that the polyploid plant can no longer mate with the original species. 
C)  the gametes of polyploid plants have too many chromosomes and cannot fuse to the gametes of the original species. 
D)  when a plant becomes polyploid, it often loses the ability to make gametes of any type.

Question 2

The great diversity of life on Earth is caused by ________-the formation of new species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The great diversity of life on Earth...

Question 3

For the quality of an adaptation to improve over time, _______ must already exist within the population.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic limitations 
B)  genetic variation 
C)  speciation 
D)  ecological trade-offs 
A)  genetic limitations 
B)  genetic variation 
C)  speciation 
D)  ecological trade-offs

Question 4

Two species live near each other but do not respond to each other's courtship displays. This is an example of ________ isolation, a type of prezygotic barrier.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two species live near each other but...

Question 5

Every year, environmental signals in Africa cause flycatchers to return to the Netherlands to breed. When they arrive, they depend on freshly hatched caterpillars for food. Global climate change has caused the caterpillars to hatch earlier in the Netherlands, but the environmental cues in Africa remain the same. Now, when the flycatchers return to the Netherlands the caterpillars are no longer available as a food source. Which of the following is likely to happen to this species of flycatcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change because mutations that cause flycatchers to recognize earlier environmental signals in Africa will increase in frequency in flycatcher populations 
B)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change because mutations that aid flycatchers in utilizing other food sources (besides caterpillars) will increase in frequency in flycatcher populations. 
C)  Flycatchers will not adapt to environmental change because their population does not have alleles that aid in survival under these conditions. 
D)  All of the above are possible scenarios. 
A)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change because mutations that cause flycatchers to recognize earlier environmental signals in Africa will increase in frequency in flycatcher populations 
B)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change because mutations that aid flycatchers in utilizing other food sources (besides caterpillars) will increase in frequency in flycatcher populations. 
C)  Flycatchers will not adapt to environmental change because their population does not have alleles that aid in survival under these conditions. 
D)  All of the above are possible scenarios.

Question 6

When speciation is caused by a rapid change in chromosomal number such as ________, new species form in a single generation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When speciation is caused by a rapid...

Question 7

The formation of a new species

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur slowly or rapidly. 
B)  takes at least 1 million years. 
C)  is evolutionarily insignificant. 
D)  never happens. 
A)  can occur slowly or rapidly. 
B)  takes at least 1 million years. 
C)  is evolutionarily insignificant. 
D)  never happens.

Question 8

Gene flow prevents two populations from becoming genetically different.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

__________ barriers cause speciation to occur by preventing fertilization from occurring when two individuals of different populations attempt to mate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ barriers cause speciation to occur by...

Question 10

Polyploidy can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  a high rate of gene flow between populations. 
B)  geographic isolation. 
C)  fewer chromosomes. 
D)  reproductive isolation. 
A)  a high rate of gene flow between populations. 
B)  geographic isolation. 
C)  fewer chromosomes. 
D)  reproductive isolation.

Question 11

In general, geographic isolation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  populations migrate to new environments. 
B)  gene flow is reduced by over 75 percent due to climate change. 
C)  mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D)  populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow. 
A)  populations migrate to new environments. 
B)  gene flow is reduced by over 75 percent due to climate change. 
C)  mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D)  populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow.

Question 12

A large population of animals is split in two by a physical barrier. Over time, the genetic make up of the two resulting populations becomes more and more different, until each population becomes a separate species. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation. 
B)  allopatric speciation. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  reproductive isolation. 
A)  sympatric speciation. 
B)  allopatric speciation. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  reproductive isolation.

Question 13

Individuals of the same species generally

Accepted Answer

A)  experience prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B)  do not interbreed extensively. 
C)  share many common physical and behavioral characteristics. 
D)  vary only very slightly in appearance. 
A)  experience prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B)  do not interbreed extensively. 
C)  share many common physical and behavioral characteristics. 
D)  vary only very slightly in appearance.

Question 14

When a brightly colored guppy population is placed in an area containing many predators, the population changes in only a few generations to one containing only guppies with drab, dull colors that blend into their environment. This is an example of how natural selection can

Accepted Answer

A)  force new color mutations to occur. 
B)  convert a dominant allele into a recessive allele. 
C)  improve the match between guppies and their environment. 
D)  change the color preferences of female guppies. 
A)  force new color mutations to occur. 
B)  convert a dominant allele into a recessive allele. 
C)  improve the match between guppies and their environment. 
D)  change the color preferences of female guppies.

Question 15

Sympatric speciation

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs only in plants. 
B)  is impossible, because the populations of a species must be isolated from one another for speciation to occur. 
C)  is always a result of polyploidy. 
D)  occurs when a new species emerges from a population in the absence of a geographical barrier. 
A)  occurs only in plants. 
B)  is impossible, because the populations of a species must be isolated from one another for speciation to occur. 
C)  is always a result of polyploidy. 
D)  occurs when a new species emerges from a population in the absence of a geographical barrier.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier that can isolate two species living in the same geographic area?

Accepted Answer

A)  The members of two populations of birds living in neighboring forests freely interbreed. 
B)  One species of cichlid has the same mating behavior as another cichlid species in the same lake. 
C)  The gametes of one species of orchid in a rainforest are unable to fuse with the gametes of another species of orchid in the same rainforest. 
D)  Two species of wildflowers mate and produce a hybrid that is capable of successfully breeding with either species. 
A)  The members of two populations of birds living in neighboring forests freely interbreed. 
B)  One species of cichlid has the same mating behavior as another cichlid species in the same lake. 
C)  The gametes of one species of orchid in a rainforest are unable to fuse with the gametes of another species of orchid in the same rainforest. 
D)  Two species of wildflowers mate and produce a hybrid that is capable of successfully breeding with either species.

Question 17

Populations within a species are connected by

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow. 
B)  speciation. 
C)  continental drift. 
D)  genetic drift. 
A)  gene flow. 
B)  speciation. 
C)  continental drift. 
D)  genetic drift.

Question 18

It takes at least 25 generations of reproduction before a new species can be formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Adaptive evolution

Accepted Answer

A)  is large-scale movement of a single species over a new geographic area. 
B)  occurs when a more adapted species causes the extinction of a less adapted one. 
C)  is the process by which natural selection improves the match between an organism and its environment over time. 
D)  is an increase in the adaptiveness of many species that have already evolved. 
A)  is large-scale movement of a single species over a new geographic area. 
B)  occurs when a more adapted species causes the extinction of a less adapted one. 
C)  is the process by which natural selection improves the match between an organism and its environment over time. 
D)  is an increase in the adaptiveness of many species that have already evolved.

Question 20

Before the cultivation of the apple tree, apple maggot fly laid their eggs exclusively on the fruit of Hawthorne trees. As apple orchards became more prominent, apple maggot flies began to lay their eggs on both the fruit of the Hawthorne tree and the fruit of cultivated apple trees. Now, apple maggot flies that live on apple trees mate and lay their eggs at different times of the year than apple maggot flies that live on Hawthorne trees. Is this an example of reproductive isolation? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of reproductive isola

Exam 18: Adaptation and Speciation

Polyploidy can lead to very rapid speciation in plants because

The great diversity of life on Earth is caused by ________-the formation of new species.

For the quality of an adaptation to improve over time, _______ must already exist within the population.

Two species live near each other but do not respond to each other's courtship displays. This is an example of ________ isolation, a type of prezygotic barrier.

When speciation is caused by a rapid change in chromosomal number such as ________, new species form in a single generation.

The formation of a new species

Gene flow prevents two populations from becoming genetically different.

__________ barriers cause speciation to occur by preventing fertilization from occurring when two individuals of different populations attempt to mate.

Polyploidy can lead to

In general, geographic isolation occurs when

A large population of animals is split in two by a physical barrier. Over time, the genetic make up of the two resulting populations becomes more and more different, until each population becomes a separate species. This is an example of

Individuals of the same species generally

When a brightly colored guppy population is placed in an area containing many predators, the population changes in only a few generations to one containing only guppies with drab, dull colors that blend into their environment. This is an example of how natural selection can

Sympatric speciation

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier that can isolate two species living in the same geographic area?

Populations within a species are connected by

It takes at least 25 generations of reproduction before a new species can be formed.

Adaptive evolution

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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