Question 1

A _______ is the series of bases in mRNA that specifies a single amino acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _______ is the series of bases...

Question 2

When one base is changed to another at a single position in the DNA sequence of a gene, a(n) _______ mutation has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  insertion 
B)  deletion 
C)  frameshift 
D)  substitution 
A)  insertion 
B)  deletion 
C)  frameshift 
D)  substitution

Question 3

The order of the bases in DNA determines the order of the

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids in DNA. 
B)  bases in a protein. 
C)  amino acids in mRNA. 
D)  bases in mRNA. 
A)  amino acids in DNA. 
B)  bases in a protein. 
C)  amino acids in mRNA. 
D)  bases in mRNA.

Question 4

The first amino acid in most proteins is methionine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following would you be most likely to find in an athlete who has won Olympic gold in the 100 meter sprint?

Accepted Answer

A)  at least one copy of the R allele for ACTN3 
B)  at least one copy of the X allele for ACTN3 
C)  two copies of the X allele for ACTN3 
D)  two knocked-out copies of the R allele 
A)  at least one copy of the R allele for ACTN3 
B)  at least one copy of the X allele for ACTN3 
C)  two copies of the X allele for ACTN3 
D)  two knocked-out copies of the R allele

Question 6

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and thus do not have nuclei. Therefore,

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotes are unable to undergo transcription and translation. 
B)  prokaryotic cells do not need to undergo translation. 
C)  prokaryotic transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm. 
D)  prokaryotes are unable to replicate their DNA. 
A)  prokaryotes are unable to undergo transcription and translation. 
B)  prokaryotic cells do not need to undergo translation. 
C)  prokaryotic transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm. 
D)  prokaryotes are unable to replicate their DNA.

Question 7

If X is a base that is inserted into each of the following DNA sequences, on which of them is it most likely to have the greatest effect on the gene's protein product?

Accepted Answer

A)  AATGATATCATCCGACGXA 
B)  AATGATATCATCCGXACGA 
C)  AATGATATXCATCCGACGA 
D)  AXATGATATCATCCGACGA 
A)  AATGATATCATCCGACGXA 
B)  AATGATATCATCCGXACGA 
C)  AATGATATXCATCCGACGA 
D)  AXATGATATCATCCGACGA

Question 8

When does a cell undergo transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  during S phase 
B)  all the time 
C)  only when the cell needs a specific protein 
D)  during interphase 
A)  during S phase 
B)  all the time 
C)  only when the cell needs a specific protein 
D)  during interphase

Question 9

Each time transcription occurs, all of the DNA in a cell is copied.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is not a feature of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your unique genetic code is represented by your DNA sequence. 
B)  Each codon in the genetic code specifies only one amino acid. 
C)  The genetic code is redundant. 
D)  The same genetic code can be applied to virtually every organism on Earth. 
A)  Your unique genetic code is represented by your DNA sequence. 
B)  Each codon in the genetic code specifies only one amino acid. 
C)  The genetic code is redundant. 
D)  The same genetic code can be applied to virtually every organism on Earth.

Question 11

The information in a gene is encoded by the

Accepted Answer

A)  introns of eukaryotic cells. 
B)  amino acids that make up the genes. 
C)  base sequences of the gene's DNA. 
D)  rRNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes. 
A)  introns of eukaryotic cells. 
B)  amino acids that make up the genes. 
C)  base sequences of the gene's DNA. 
D)  rRNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes.

Question 12

DNA molecules are double-stranded, while most RNA molecules are single-stranded. Which of the following choices is the most likely reason that RNA does not need to be double-stranded?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA reproduces itself directly, whereas RNA does not. 
B)  RNA reproduces itself directly, whereas DNA does not. 
C)  DNA undergoes translation that requires the use of both strands at the same time. 
D)  RNA undergoes transcription that can only read one strand at a time. 
A)  DNA reproduces itself directly, whereas RNA does not. 
B)  RNA reproduces itself directly, whereas DNA does not. 
C)  DNA undergoes translation that requires the use of both strands at the same time. 
D)  RNA undergoes transcription that can only read one strand at a time.

Question 13

rRNA plays a role in the formation of the covalent bonds between amino acids during translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The three-dimensional structure of the protein made by a single mRNA molecule varies, but whatever the shape, the overall function of that protein does not change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is true of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  It destroys the DNA template. 
B)  The DNA molecule must unwind. 
C)  Base pairing is unimportant. 
D)  The end result is a protein. 
A)  It destroys the DNA template. 
B)  The DNA molecule must unwind. 
C)  Base pairing is unimportant. 
D)  The end result is a protein.

Question 16

The sequence of nucleotides on an mRNA molecule

Accepted Answer

A)  is complementary to the DNA template strand. 
B)  matches the sequence of the ribosome that will translate the mRNA. 
C)  exactly matches the template strand (except where U is substituted for T). 
D)  is identical to that of the promoter. 
A)  is complementary to the DNA template strand. 
B)  matches the sequence of the ribosome that will translate the mRNA. 
C)  exactly matches the template strand (except where U is substituted for T). 
D)  is identical to that of the promoter.

Question 17

Each tRNA molecule carries only one specific ________ ________ , but it can bind to up to three codons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each tRNA molecule carries only one specific...

Question 18

The majority of genes specify the production of _______ as their immediate product.

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  DNA 
D)  mRNA 
A)  rRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  DNA 
D)  mRNA

Question 19

During transcription,

Accepted Answer

A)  the DNA strands replicate, producing four mRNA molecules. 
B)  each strand in the DNA molecule directs the production of an mRNA molecule. 
C)  a template strand of DNA directs the production of an mRNA molecule. 
D)  a template strand of DNA directs the production of all of the tRNA molecules needed for producing the gene's protein product. 
A)  the DNA strands replicate, producing four mRNA molecules. 
B)  each strand in the DNA molecule directs the production of an mRNA molecule. 
C)  a template strand of DNA directs the production of an mRNA molecule. 
D)  a template strand of DNA directs the production of all of the tRNA molecules needed for producing the gene's protein product.

Question 20

Since they are so distantly related, the codons for serine in a black widow spider would probably be much different from the codons for serine in bluebirds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: From Gene to Protein

A _______ is the series of bases in mRNA that specifies a single amino acid.

When one base is changed to another at a single position in the DNA sequence of a gene, a(n) _______ mutation has occurred.

The order of the bases in DNA determines the order of the

The first amino acid in most proteins is methionine.

Which of the following would you be most likely to find in an athlete who has won Olympic gold in the 100 meter sprint?

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and thus do not have nuclei. Therefore,

If X is a base that is inserted into each of the following DNA sequences, on which of them is it most likely to have the greatest effect on the gene's protein product?

When does a cell undergo transcription?

Each time transcription occurs, all of the DNA in a cell is copied.

Which of the following is not a feature of the genetic code?

The information in a gene is encoded by the

DNA molecules are double-stranded, while most RNA molecules are single-stranded. Which of the following choices is the most likely reason that RNA does not need to be double-stranded?

rRNA plays a role in the formation of the covalent bonds between amino acids during translation.

The three-dimensional structure of the protein made by a single mRNA molecule varies, but whatever the shape, the overall function of that protein does not change.

Which of the following is true of transcription?

The sequence of nucleotides on an mRNA molecule

Each tRNA molecule carries only one specific ________ ________ , but it can bind to up to three codons.

The majority of genes specify the production of _______ as their immediate product.

During transcription,

Since they are so distantly related, the codons for serine in a black widow spider would probably be much different from the codons for serine in bluebirds.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

Filters

Each tRNA molecule carries only one specific , but it can bind to up to three codons.