Question 1

The largest, most visible part of the human brain is the

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus. 
B)  cerebrum. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  thalamus. 
A)  hippocampus. 
B)  cerebrum. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  thalamus.

Question 2

A neurotransmitter can inhibit the formation of an action potential in a receiving cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A reflex arc

Accepted Answer

A)  has only sensory and interneurons. 
B)  is composed of three interneurons. 
C)  has a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron. 
D)  has an interneuron between two motor neurons. 
A)  has only sensory and interneurons. 
B)  is composed of three interneurons. 
C)  has a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron. 
D)  has an interneuron between two motor neurons.

Question 4

Botulism is a type of paralysis (inability to move muscles) caused by a specific type of bacteria. The bacteria release a toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) from the neurons that form synapses with muscle cells. Why might botulism toxin cause paralysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Without acetylcholine, action potentials never get to muscles cells because they cannot move from one node of Ranvier to the next. 
B)  Since acetylcholine is responsible for establishing the concentration gradient of sodium ions, action potentials cannot form in the neurons of individuals with botulism. 
C)  If acetylcholine is not released, action potentials that stimulate muscle contraction cannot be transmitted across the synaptic cleft to muscle cells. 
D)  In the absence of acetylcholine, sensory neurons are unable to communicate with motor neurons so motor neurons never receive the signal to cause muscle contraction. 
A)  Without acetylcholine, action potentials never get to muscles cells because they cannot move from one node of Ranvier to the next. 
B)  Since acetylcholine is responsible for establishing the concentration gradient of sodium ions, action potentials cannot form in the neurons of individuals with botulism. 
C)  If acetylcholine is not released, action potentials that stimulate muscle contraction cannot be transmitted across the synaptic cleft to muscle cells. 
D)  In the absence of acetylcholine, sensory neurons are unable to communicate with motor neurons so motor neurons never receive the signal to cause muscle contraction.

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the three major regions of the human brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla 
B)  forebrain 
C)  midbrain 
D)  hindbrain 
A)  medulla 
B)  forebrain 
C)  midbrain 
D)  hindbrain

Question 6

How does the central nervous system know how important a particular stimulus is?

Accepted Answer

A)  by the frequency at which the action potentials are created by the stimulus 
B)  by the overall strength of the action potential produced by the stimulus 
C)  by the number of neurotransmitters that reach the brain through the circulatory system 
D)  by the amount of hormone that the stimulus releases from endocrine glands 
A)  by the frequency at which the action potentials are created by the stimulus 
B)  by the overall strength of the action potential produced by the stimulus 
C)  by the number of neurotransmitters that reach the brain through the circulatory system 
D)  by the amount of hormone that the stimulus releases from endocrine glands

Question 7

The branched receiving ends of a nerve cell are called

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrites. 
B)  axons. 
C)  neurons. 
D)  synapses. 
A)  dendrites. 
B)  axons. 
C)  neurons. 
D)  synapses.

Question 8

A resting neuron is negatively charged inside relative to the outside.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

High levels of thyroid hormones in the blood result in

Accepted Answer

A)  production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus 
B)  decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood. 
C)  release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland. 
D)  activation of the adrenal glands by the nervous system. 
A)  production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus 
B)  decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood. 
C)  release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland. 
D)  activation of the adrenal glands by the nervous system.

Question 10

One interneuron can send signals to the peripheral nervous system and the brain at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which area of our brain acts as a "traffic manager"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the thalamus 
B)  the cerebral cortex 
C)  the pons 
D)  the cerebellum 
A)  the thalamus 
B)  the cerebral cortex 
C)  the pons 
D)  the cerebellum

Question 12

The thyroid gland releases hormones that increase the rate at which cells release energy in response to the ______-__________ hormone released from the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The thyroid gland releases hormones that increase...

Question 13

Nodes of Ranvier are found only in ___________ neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nodes of Ranvier are found only in...

Question 14

The axons of many individual neurons may be bundled together to form communication pathways known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The axons of many individual neurons may...

Question 15

Which of the following is the pathway an action potential would travel in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body to axon to dendrite 
B)  axon to dendrite to cell body 
C)  dendrite to axon to cell body 
D)  dendrite to cell body to axon 
A)  cell body to axon to dendrite 
B)  axon to dendrite to cell body 
C)  dendrite to axon to cell body 
D)  dendrite to cell body to axon

Question 16

Although many people worry about their sodium intake from salty foods, it would be unwise to eliminate sodium from one's diet completely. Which of the following problems would occur if there were no sodium in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  The myelin sheath of the neurons would begin to break down. 
B)  Axons would be unable to create the action potential necessary for rapid signal movement. 
C)  The synapses between neurons and their adjacent cells would collapse. 
D)  The speed of the neuron's action potential would increase to a dangerously high level. 
A)  The myelin sheath of the neurons would begin to break down. 
B)  Axons would be unable to create the action potential necessary for rapid signal movement. 
C)  The synapses between neurons and their adjacent cells would collapse. 
D)  The speed of the neuron's action potential would increase to a dangerously high level.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)  After reading all the possible answers to this question, you choose answer A. 
B)  The pupils of your eyes increase in diameter when you walk into a dark room. 
C)  A cell in your body releases insulin in response to the intake of food. 
D)  On a hot day, your body releases sweat. As the sweat evaporates, your body cools. 
A)  After reading all the possible answers to this question, you choose answer A. 
B)  The pupils of your eyes increase in diameter when you walk into a dark room. 
C)  A cell in your body releases insulin in response to the intake of food. 
D)  On a hot day, your body releases sweat. As the sweat evaporates, your body cools.

Question 18

The cerebral cortex is extensively folded to increase the amount of _______________ available for processing stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cerebral cortex is extensively folded to...

Question 19

The hypothalamus contains neurons that release hormones in response to action potentials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The area of the brain that filters and sorts signals from the spinal cord also determines which signals require an action without awareness, and which signals need to be sent to the conscious perception centers. This area of the brain is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  pituitary gland. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  cortex. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  pituitary gland. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  cortex.

Exam 25: The Nervous System

The largest, most visible part of the human brain is the

A neurotransmitter can inhibit the formation of an action potential in a receiving cell.

A reflex arc

Botulism is a type of paralysis (inability to move muscles) caused by a specific type of bacteria. The bacteria release a toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) from the neurons that form synapses with muscle cells. Why might botulism toxin cause paralysis?

Which of the following is not one of the three major regions of the human brain?

How does the central nervous system know how important a particular stimulus is?

The branched receiving ends of a nerve cell are called

A resting neuron is negatively charged inside relative to the outside.

High levels of thyroid hormones in the blood result in

One interneuron can send signals to the peripheral nervous system and the brain at the same time.

Which area of our brain acts as a "traffic manager"?

The thyroid gland releases hormones that increase the rate at which cells release energy in response to the ______-__________ hormone released from the pituitary gland.

Nodes of Ranvier are found only in ___________ neurons.

The axons of many individual neurons may be bundled together to form communication pathways known as _______.

Which of the following is the pathway an action potential would travel in a neuron?

Although many people worry about their sodium intake from salty foods, it would be unwise to eliminate sodium from one's diet completely. Which of the following problems would occur if there were no sodium in the body?

Which of the following is an example of a reflex arc?

The cerebral cortex is extensively folded to increase the amount of _______________ available for processing stimuli.

The hypothalamus contains neurons that release hormones in response to action potentials.

The area of the brain that filters and sorts signals from the spinal cord also determines which signals require an action without awareness, and which signals need to be sent to the conscious perception centers. This area of the brain is known as the

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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The thyroid gland releases hormones that increase the rate at which cells release energy in response to the -____ hormone released from the pituitary gland.