Question 1

The natural production and absorption of many vitamins is regulated by negative feedback loops.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Describe how the structure of the small intestine aids in its role in nutrient absorption.

Accepted Answer

The lining of the small intestine has an

Question 3

Many ___________, small inorganic compounds that are needed in trace amounts, are essential to the proper function of proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many ___________, small inorganic compounds that are...

Question 4

The colon contains bacteria that produce _____________, a small organic compound that is involved in blood clotting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The colon contains bacteria that produce _____________,...

Question 5

Vitamins are either water-soluble or ___-soluble.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vitamins are either water-soluble or ___-soluble....

Question 6

The lower region of the small intestine is structured to create large amounts of surface area so that it can more efficiently

Accepted Answer

A)  produce enzymes to break food down into smaller molecules. 
B)  grind food down into smaller molecules. 
C)  absorb the chemical building blocks produced by digestion. 
D)  eliminate waste products. 
A)  produce enzymes to break food down into smaller molecules. 
B)  grind food down into smaller molecules. 
C)  absorb the chemical building blocks produced by digestion. 
D)  eliminate waste products.

Question 7

Only guinea pigs, bats, the great apes, and humans must get vitamin C from their diets rather than synthesizing it themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

As nutrients move across an intestinal villus, capillaries absorb

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids and sugars. 
B)  fats. 
C)  lymph vessels. 
D)  monoglycerides. 
A)  amino acids and sugars. 
B)  fats. 
C)  lymph vessels. 
D)  monoglycerides.

Question 9

Lipases help to digest

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  fats. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  fats.

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the three elements that provide the framework for the complex organic compounds that characterize life?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  iron 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  oxygen 
A)  carbon 
B)  iron 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  oxygen

Question 11

How rapidly an organism can absorb nutrients generally depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface area available for absorption. 
B)  how quickly the nutrient can diffuse into the stomach. 
C)  the passive mechanisms that carry the nutrient into the organism. 
D)  the volume of the organism taking up the nutrients. 
A)  the surface area available for absorption. 
B)  how quickly the nutrient can diffuse into the stomach. 
C)  the passive mechanisms that carry the nutrient into the organism. 
D)  the volume of the organism taking up the nutrients.

Question 12

Why do sheep have a much longer small intestine relative to their size than dogs do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sheep are generally larger than dogs, and the larger the animal, the larger the relative size of their small intestine. 
B)  Dogs have sharper teeth than sheep, so they do not need to absorb food only through their small intestines. 
C)  Sheep eat relatively nutrient-poor food, and a long intestine allows more complete absorption of the available nutrients. 
D)  Dogs have a simple stomach, whereas the sheep stomach is fairly complex. 
A)  Sheep are generally larger than dogs, and the larger the animal, the larger the relative size of their small intestine. 
B)  Dogs have sharper teeth than sheep, so they do not need to absorb food only through their small intestines. 
C)  Sheep eat relatively nutrient-poor food, and a long intestine allows more complete absorption of the available nutrients. 
D)  Dogs have a simple stomach, whereas the sheep stomach is fairly complex.

Question 13

The figure below shows four types of nutrients that are absorbable by animal cells.  
Which of the above molecules could be absorbed by the digestive tract without further digestion by enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharide 
B)  disaccharide 
C)  protein 
D)  monoglyceride 
A)  polysaccharide 
B)  disaccharide 
C)  protein 
D)  monoglyceride

Question 14

Which of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sheep has a small intestine about six times longer than that of a wolf. 
B)  A wolf has a single-chambered stomach, but a sheep's stomach has four chambers. 
C)  A wolf's teeth are made for tearing and some chewing, and a sheep's teeth are made mostly for grinding. 
D)  A wolf's colon contains bacteria that digest cellulose, and a sheep's stomach produces enzymes that digest cellulose. 
A)  A sheep has a small intestine about six times longer than that of a wolf. 
B)  A wolf has a single-chambered stomach, but a sheep's stomach has four chambers. 
C)  A wolf's teeth are made for tearing and some chewing, and a sheep's teeth are made mostly for grinding. 
D)  A wolf's colon contains bacteria that digest cellulose, and a sheep's stomach produces enzymes that digest cellulose.

Question 15

Chemical digestion occurs inside of the organ indicated by the arrow in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Organisms need energy to carry out life processes, but they also must use energy simply to gather nutrients. Which of the following statements must be true in order for an organism to live?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of energy ingested in proteins must equal the amount of energy ingested in carbohydrates. 
B)  If the amount of energy used for life processes is low, the organism must ingest extra nutrients in order to produce body heat. 
C)  The amount of energy used to gather nutrients must be more than the amount of energy used to carry out life processes. 
D)  The amount of energy used for life processes, including nutrient gathering, must be less than the amount of energy captured from the environment. 
A)  The amount of energy ingested in proteins must equal the amount of energy ingested in carbohydrates. 
B)  If the amount of energy used for life processes is low, the organism must ingest extra nutrients in order to produce body heat. 
C)  The amount of energy used to gather nutrients must be more than the amount of energy used to carry out life processes. 
D)  The amount of energy used for life processes, including nutrient gathering, must be less than the amount of energy captured from the environment.

Question 17

When humans who lack a particular enzyme consume products made from cow's milk they suffer digestive problems. The enzyme is

Accepted Answer

A)  pepsin. 
B)  lactase. 
C)  chymotrypsin. 
D)  amylase. 
A)  pepsin. 
B)  lactase. 
C)  chymotrypsin. 
D)  amylase.

Question 18

Some animals have part of their guts modified into a muscular area that grinds food against small pebbles or sand grains collected from the environment. Which of the following statements about this area is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the area where the chemical breakdown of food takes place. 
B)  It is known as a gizzard. 
C)  It helps large food items become small enough to enter the digestive system of the animal. 
D)  It helps speed digestion by increasing the surface area of the food particles, which speeds their breakdown. 
A)  It is the area where the chemical breakdown of food takes place. 
B)  It is known as a gizzard. 
C)  It helps large food items become small enough to enter the digestive system of the animal. 
D)  It helps speed digestion by increasing the surface area of the food particles, which speeds their breakdown.

Question 19

Which of the following steps of digestion does not occur in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical breakdown by enzymes 
B)  mechanical breakdown 
C)  ingestion 
D)  absorption 
A)  chemical breakdown by enzymes 
B)  mechanical breakdown 
C)  ingestion 
D)  absorption

Question 20

Which one of the following food sources would be eaten by carnivores?

Accepted Answer

A)  apples 
B)  Girl Scout cookies 
C)  mushrooms 
D)  deer 
A)  apples 
B)  Girl Scout cookies 
C)  mushrooms 
D)  deer

Exam 21: Animal Nutrition and Digestion

The natural production and absorption of many vitamins is regulated by negative feedback loops.

Describe how the structure of the small intestine aids in its role in nutrient absorption.

Many ___________, small inorganic compounds that are needed in trace amounts, are essential to the proper function of proteins.

The colon contains bacteria that produce _____________, a small organic compound that is involved in blood clotting.

Vitamins are either water-soluble or ___-soluble.

The lower region of the small intestine is structured to create large amounts of surface area so that it can more efficiently

Only guinea pigs, bats, the great apes, and humans must get vitamin C from their diets rather than synthesizing it themselves.

As nutrients move across an intestinal villus, capillaries absorb

Lipases help to digest

Which of the following is not one of the three elements that provide the framework for the complex organic compounds that characterize life?

How rapidly an organism can absorb nutrients generally depends on

Why do sheep have a much longer small intestine relative to their size than dogs do?

The figure below shows four types of nutrients that are absorbable by animal cells. Which of the above molecules could be absorbed by the digestive tract without further digestion by enzymes?

Which of the following is false?

Chemical digestion occurs inside of the organ indicated by the arrow in the figure below.

Organisms need energy to carry out life processes, but they also must use energy simply to gather nutrients. Which of the following statements must be true in order for an organism to live?

When humans who lack a particular enzyme consume products made from cow's milk they suffer digestive problems. The enzyme is

Some animals have part of their guts modified into a muscular area that grinds food against small pebbles or sand grains collected from the environment. Which of the following statements about this area is false?

Which of the following steps of digestion does not occur in the mouth?

Which one of the following food sources would be eaten by carnivores?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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