Question 1

Enzymes proofread base-pairing during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Bacterial cultures are sometimes exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light in order to generate organisms with new genetic traits. Why do microbiologists choose to use UV light for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)  UV light makes all cells antibiotic-resistant. 
B)  UV light has the ability to cause changes in DNA. 
C)  UV light is the usual source of energy for bacteria, thus giving them more energy for evolution. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  UV light makes all cells antibiotic-resistant. 
B)  UV light has the ability to cause changes in DNA. 
C)  UV light is the usual source of energy for bacteria, thus giving them more energy for evolution. 
D)  none of the above

Question 3

During replication each "old" DNA strand serves as a template for a new strand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following will not generally cause mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals 
B)  radiation 
C)  mechanical forces 
D)  DNA replication 
A)  chemicals 
B)  radiation 
C)  mechanical forces 
D)  DNA replication

Question 5

The difference between alleles of a gene is

Accepted Answer

A)  their DNA base sequences. 
B)  the way they are copied when the cell divides. 
C)  the type of lipid they are composed of. 
D)  not heritable. 
A)  their DNA base sequences. 
B)  the way they are copied when the cell divides. 
C)  the type of lipid they are composed of. 
D)  not heritable.

Question 6

Which of the following must occur for a mismatch error to be repaired?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damaged DNA must be identified by DNA repair proteins. 
B)  The sequence of nucleotides in the damaged DNA sequence must guide the synthesis of the correct DNA sequence 
C)  Entire strands of damaged DNA must be destroyed by DNA-eating enzymes within the nucleus. 
D)  The damaged DNA must undergo DNA replication one more time. 
A)  Damaged DNA must be identified by DNA repair proteins. 
B)  The sequence of nucleotides in the damaged DNA sequence must guide the synthesis of the correct DNA sequence 
C)  Entire strands of damaged DNA must be destroyed by DNA-eating enzymes within the nucleus. 
D)  The damaged DNA must undergo DNA replication one more time.

Question 7

People with xeroderma pigmentosum frequently exhibit skin cancer.The disease is a result of a mutation in a gene that produces a ______ ______ protein. Without this protein, cells cannot reverse the damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with xeroderma pigmentosum frequently exhibit skin...

Question 8

Along one side of a DNA molecule, the nucleotides are connected by

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent bonds between phosphate groups and sugar molecules. 
B)  hydrogen bonds between adenine and guanine. 
C)  covalent bonds between bases and sugar molecules. 
D)  hydrogen bonds between adjacent sugar molecules. 
A)  covalent bonds between phosphate groups and sugar molecules. 
B)  hydrogen bonds between adenine and guanine. 
C)  covalent bonds between bases and sugar molecules. 
D)  hydrogen bonds between adjacent sugar molecules.

Question 9

When examining the two complementary strands of nucleotides in one DNA molecule, you would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  the sum of Gs and Cs in one strand would be equal to the sum of the Gs and Cs in the other strand. 
B)  the sum of Ts and Gs in one strand would be equal to the sum of Cs and As in the other strand. 
C)  the sum of Ts and As in one strand would be greater than the sum of the Ts and As in the other strand. 
D)  the sum of As and Cs in one strand would be less than the sum of the Ts and Gs in the other strand. 
A)  the sum of Gs and Cs in one strand would be equal to the sum of the Gs and Cs in the other strand. 
B)  the sum of Ts and Gs in one strand would be equal to the sum of Cs and As in the other strand. 
C)  the sum of Ts and As in one strand would be greater than the sum of the Ts and As in the other strand. 
D)  the sum of As and Cs in one strand would be less than the sum of the Ts and Gs in the other strand.

Question 10

The order of the base pairs in a DNA molecule

Accepted Answer

A)  differs from species to species. 
B)  is identical in all organisms. 
C)  is identical in organisms of the same species. 
D)  differs from cell to cell in a given organism. 
A)  differs from species to species. 
B)  is identical in all organisms. 
C)  is identical in organisms of the same species. 
D)  differs from cell to cell in a given organism.

Question 11

In Griffith's experiments, the genetic material was not destroyed in bacteria killed by heat. This suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  some combination of protein and DNA was the genetic material. 
B)  protein and DNA contained different amounts of genetic information. 
C)  DNA, not protein, might be the genetic material. 
D)  heat did not destroy the genetic information in proteins. 
A)  some combination of protein and DNA was the genetic material. 
B)  protein and DNA contained different amounts of genetic information. 
C)  DNA, not protein, might be the genetic material. 
D)  heat did not destroy the genetic information in proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a base used during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  thymine 
B)  adenine 
C)  guanine 
D)  uracil 
A)  thymine 
B)  adenine 
C)  guanine 
D)  uracil

Question 13

A change in the DNA base sequence due to an uncorrected mismatch error is called a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change in the DNA base sequence...

Question 14

The hereditary genetic material present in all living cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  strain S. 
B)  protein. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  RNA. 
A)  strain S. 
B)  protein. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  RNA.

Question 15

Protein is the hereditary genetic material in human cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Labeling the _________ of a bacterial virus with radioactive phosphate allowed Hershey and Chase to determine whether DNA or protein was the molecule of inheritance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Labeling the _________ of a bacterial virus...

Question 17

Why are high levels of radiation fatal to humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radiation leads to permanent increases in the activity of DNA repair proteins. 
B)  Radioactive atoms act as mutagens. 
C)  Radiation increases the rate of DNA replication. 
D)  Radiation inhibits cell division so that dead cells cannot be replaced. 
A)  Radiation leads to permanent increases in the activity of DNA repair proteins. 
B)  Radioactive atoms act as mutagens. 
C)  Radiation increases the rate of DNA replication. 
D)  Radiation inhibits cell division so that dead cells cannot be replaced.

Question 18

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by covalent bonds. 
B)  A single strand within a DNA molecule is held together by hydrogen bonds. 
C)  The bases on one strand of DNA are held to the bases on the other strand by hydrogen bonds. 
D)  Hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs causes the DNA molecule to twist into a spiral. 
A)  The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by covalent bonds. 
B)  A single strand within a DNA molecule is held together by hydrogen bonds. 
C)  The bases on one strand of DNA are held to the bases on the other strand by hydrogen bonds. 
D)  Hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs causes the DNA molecule to twist into a spiral.

Question 19

When compared, the nucleotide sequences of different individuals are_______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When compared, the nucleotide sequences of different...

Question 20

DNA replication

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the copying of only the parts of a chromosome that encode protein. 
B)  occurs during S phase in the cell cycle. 
C)  in constantly occurring in all the cells in your body. 
D)  converts the double helix to a two single helices. 
A)  involves the copying of only the parts of a chromosome that encode protein. 
B)  occurs during S phase in the cell cycle. 
C)  in constantly occurring in all the cells in your body. 
D)  converts the double helix to a two single helices.

Exam 12: DNA

Enzymes proofread base-pairing during DNA replication.

Bacterial cultures are sometimes exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light in order to generate organisms with new genetic traits. Why do microbiologists choose to use UV light for this purpose?

During replication each "old" DNA strand serves as a template for a new strand.

Which of the following will not generally cause mutations?

The difference between alleles of a gene is

Which of the following must occur for a mismatch error to be repaired?

People with xeroderma pigmentosum frequently exhibit skin cancer.The disease is a result of a mutation in a gene that produces a ______ ______ protein. Without this protein, cells cannot reverse the damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.

Along one side of a DNA molecule, the nucleotides are connected by

When examining the two complementary strands of nucleotides in one DNA molecule, you would expect to find that

The order of the base pairs in a DNA molecule

In Griffith's experiments, the genetic material was not destroyed in bacteria killed by heat. This suggested that

Which of the following is not a base used during DNA synthesis?

A change in the DNA base sequence due to an uncorrected mismatch error is called a _______.

The hereditary genetic material present in all living cells is

Protein is the hereditary genetic material in human cells.

Labeling the _________ of a bacterial virus with radioactive phosphate allowed Hershey and Chase to determine whether DNA or protein was the molecule of inheritance.

Why are high levels of radiation fatal to humans?

Which of the following is true?

When compared, the nucleotide sequences of different individuals are_______________.

DNA replication

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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People with xeroderma pigmentosum frequently exhibit skin cancer.The disease is a result of a mutation in a gene that produces a protein. Without this protein, cells cannot reverse the damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.