Question 1

The gain of electrons by one atom from another atom is referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gain of electrons by one atom...

Question 2

According to the _____ ______ model, the active site of an enzyme adjusts its shape to mold around a substrate after binding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the _____ ______ model, the...

Question 3

Photosynthesis creates energy and cellular respiration destroys energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

All of the chemical energy in ATP is used during a chemical reaction

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

Accepted Answer

A)  energy is absorbed by ADP and transferred to enzymes. 
B)  energy is released and can power cellular activities. 
C)  ADP becomes the active site in an enzyme. 
D)  the energy in the broken bond is transferred to the phosphate group. 
A)  energy is absorbed by ADP and transferred to enzymes. 
B)  energy is released and can power cellular activities. 
C)  ADP becomes the active site in an enzyme. 
D)  the energy in the broken bond is transferred to the phosphate group.

Question 6

A spherical rock rests at the top of a steep hill. The rock has

Accepted Answer

A)  potential energy. 
B)  chemical energy. 
C)  kinetic energy. 
D)  no energy. 
A)  potential energy. 
B)  chemical energy. 
C)  kinetic energy. 
D)  no energy.

Question 7

A given enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  can be used for many different kinds of chemical reactions. 
B)  is permanently changed during a chemical reaction. 
C)  has a special site where the products bind before the reaction begins. 
D)  lowers the activation energy of a particular reaction. 
A)  can be used for many different kinds of chemical reactions. 
B)  is permanently changed during a chemical reaction. 
C)  has a special site where the products bind before the reaction begins. 
D)  lowers the activation energy of a particular reaction.

Question 8

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures, what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxidation of wood products reduces the amount of photosynthesis that can occur. 
B)  The biosynthetic reactions that occur in the lumber cause too much catabolism to occur. 
C)  Carbon and other atoms tied up in wooden structures are not being recycled into other living organisms. 
D)  The DNA in the wood is unable to obey the first law of thermodynamics. 
A)  The oxidation of wood products reduces the amount of photosynthesis that can occur. 
B)  The biosynthetic reactions that occur in the lumber cause too much catabolism to occur. 
C)  Carbon and other atoms tied up in wooden structures are not being recycled into other living organisms. 
D)  The DNA in the wood is unable to obey the first law of thermodynamics.

Question 9

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic reactions must be balanced. 
B)  the flow of energy connects living things to their environments. 
C)  energy can be created but not destroyed. 
D)  systems tend to become more disorderly. 
A)  metabolic reactions must be balanced. 
B)  the flow of energy connects living things to their environments. 
C)  energy can be created but not destroyed. 
D)  systems tend to become more disorderly.

Question 10

A catalyst affects the _______ at which a chemical reaction occurs, but it is not itself changed during the reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A catalyst affects the _______ at which...

Question 11

Exposing many proteins to high heat causes their three-dimensional shape to change. How might heat affect the function of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The part of an enzyme that interacts wit

Question 12

This image diagrams the action of an enzyme.  
Notice that the enzyme is depicted as being more tightly wrapped around the substrates in step 2 than it is in step 1. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  When a substrate locks into the active site of an enzyme, the enzyme changes shape to mold itself around the substrates. 
B)  Generally, the size of a substrate is larger than the size of the active site it must fit into. When the substrate enters the active site, the active site must stretch to fit. 
C)  Before catalysis can occur, a substrate must change its shape so that it fits into the active site of the enzyme more precisely. 
D)  Most active sites are only designed to hold one substrate. In this image, two substrates enter the active site, creating a tighter fit. 
A)  When a substrate locks into the active site of an enzyme, the enzyme changes shape to mold itself around the substrates. 
B)  Generally, the size of a substrate is larger than the size of the active site it must fit into. When the substrate enters the active site, the active site must stretch to fit. 
C)  Before catalysis can occur, a substrate must change its shape so that it fits into the active site of the enzyme more precisely. 
D)  Most active sites are only designed to hold one substrate. In this image, two substrates enter the active site, creating a tighter fit.

Question 13

COX-2 inhibitors like Vioxx control inflammation without affecting COX-1, but patients taking these drugs are more susceptible to heart attack and stroke. Which of the following is a possible explanation of this side effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  These newer COX-2 inhibitors must still interact with COX-1. 
B)  In creating these specific COX-2 inhibitors, scientists have changed the shape of aspirin so much that it no longer interacts with COX-2 at all. 
C)  In addition to controlling fever and inflammation, COX-2 plays a role in the maintaining the proper function of the circulatory system (heart and blood). 
D)  Inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2 is necessary to prevent inflammation. 
A)  These newer COX-2 inhibitors must still interact with COX-1. 
B)  In creating these specific COX-2 inhibitors, scientists have changed the shape of aspirin so much that it no longer interacts with COX-2 at all. 
C)  In addition to controlling fever and inflammation, COX-2 plays a role in the maintaining the proper function of the circulatory system (heart and blood). 
D)  Inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2 is necessary to prevent inflammation.

Question 14

An insect devouring a leaf is an example of the second law of thermodynamics in action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is

Accepted Answer

A)  provided by enzymes. 
B)  provided by carbon dioxide. 
C)  extracted from DNA. 
D)  oxidized to make sugars. 
A)  provided by enzymes. 
B)  provided by carbon dioxide. 
C)  extracted from DNA. 
D)  oxidized to make sugars.

Question 16

The heat given off by living systems can increase the likelihood of a given chemical reaction's taking place. Why is this true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzymes that catalyze reactions in living systems work increasingly better as the temperature decreases. 
B)  The heat given off lowers the internal cellular temperature, which allows reactions to proceed more quickly. 
C)  The heat allows photosynthesis to occur more rapidly. 
D)  The heat speeds molecular movement, increasing the likelihood of collisions between an enzyme and its substrate. 
A)  The enzymes that catalyze reactions in living systems work increasingly better as the temperature decreases. 
B)  The heat given off lowers the internal cellular temperature, which allows reactions to proceed more quickly. 
C)  The heat allows photosynthesis to occur more rapidly. 
D)  The heat speeds molecular movement, increasing the likelihood of collisions between an enzyme and its substrate.

Question 17

_______ reactions use energy to build complex molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  Catabolic 
B)  Anabolic 
C)  Photosynthetic 
D)  Redox 
A)  Catabolic 
B)  Anabolic 
C)  Photosynthetic 
D)  Redox

Question 18

Carbon dioxide is the product of the metabolic process called ____________ that occurs in both plants and animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon dioxide is the product of the...

Question 19

_______ are the organelles where the breakdown products of food are oxidized, thereby generating most of a cell's ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are the organelles where the breakdown...

Question 20

Living systems must work to remain ordered. They pass off their disorder in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  light. 
B)  sound. 
C)  heat. 
D)  water. 
A)  light. 
B)  sound. 
C)  heat. 
D)  water.

Exam 7: Energy and Enzymes

The gain of electrons by one atom from another atom is referred to as _______.

According to the _____ ______ model, the active site of an enzyme adjusts its shape to mold around a substrate after binding.

Photosynthesis creates energy and cellular respiration destroys energy.

All of the chemical energy in ATP is used during a chemical reaction

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

A spherical rock rests at the top of a steep hill. The rock has

A given enzyme

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures, what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

The second law of thermodynamics states that

A catalyst affects the _______ at which a chemical reaction occurs, but it is not itself changed during the reaction.

Exposing many proteins to high heat causes their three-dimensional shape to change. How might heat affect the function of an enzyme?

This image diagrams the action of an enzyme. Notice that the enzyme is depicted as being more tightly wrapped around the substrates in step 2 than it is in step 1. Why is this?

COX-2 inhibitors like Vioxx control inflammation without affecting COX-1, but patients taking these drugs are more susceptible to heart attack and stroke. Which of the following is a possible explanation of this side effect?

An insect devouring a leaf is an example of the second law of thermodynamics in action.

In photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is

The heat given off by living systems can increase the likelihood of a given chemical reaction's taking place. Why is this true?

_______ reactions use energy to build complex molecules.

Carbon dioxide is the product of the metabolic process called ____________ that occurs in both plants and animals.

_______ are the organelles where the breakdown products of food are oxidized, thereby generating most of a cell's ATP.

Living systems must work to remain ordered. They pass off their disorder in the form of

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

Filters

According to the _ __ model, the active site of an enzyme adjusts its shape to mold around a substrate after binding.