Question 1

An invertebrate,such as an insect,has innate immunity activity in its intestine that likely includes

Accepted Answer

A) complement. 
B) lysozyme. 
C) mucus. 
D) neutrophils. 
E) dendritic cells. 
A) complement. 
B) lysozyme. 
C) mucus. 
D) neutrophils. 
E) dendritic cells.

Question 2

Use the following information as background for the next few questions.
Immunodeficiencies can be genetic in origin,and two examples are Bruton's agammaglobulinemia,an X-linked disorder,and DiGeorge syndrome,caused by a deletion from chromosome 22.Bruton's disorder results in underdeveloped B cells,whereas DiGeorge syndrome results in a missing or seriously underdeveloped thymus.
-Bruton's disorder will likely include

Accepted Answer

A) the failure of heavy-chain gene rearrangement in B cells. 
B) the failure to incorporate CD4 receptors into cell membranes. 
C) an underexpression of the gene for the β chain of the T cell receptor. 
D) an underexpression of the gene for the CD8 receptor molecule. 
E) the inability of the bone marrow cells to interact with MHC molecules. 
A) the failure of heavy-chain gene rearrangement in B cells. 
B) the failure to incorporate CD4 receptors into cell membranes. 
C) an underexpression of the gene for the β chain of the T cell receptor. 
D) an underexpression of the gene for the CD8 receptor molecule. 
E) the inability of the bone marrow cells to interact with MHC molecules.

Question 3

Antigens are

Accepted Answer

A) proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump. 
B) proteins embedded in B cell membranes. 
C) proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
D) foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies. 
E) proteins released during an inflammatory response. 
A) proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump. 
B) proteins embedded in B cell membranes. 
C) proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
D) foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies. 
E) proteins released during an inflammatory response.

Question 4

In active immunity,but not passive immunity,there is

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition and activation of antibodies. 
B) proliferation of lymphocytes in bone marrow. 
C) the transfer of antibodies from the mother across the placenta. 
D) the requirement for direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen. 
E) the requirement of secretion of interleukins from macrophages. 
A) acquisition and activation of antibodies. 
B) proliferation of lymphocytes in bone marrow. 
C) the transfer of antibodies from the mother across the placenta. 
D) the requirement for direct exposure to a living or simulated pathogen. 
E) the requirement of secretion of interleukins from macrophages.

Question 5

Which of the following pairs of proteins share the most overall similarity in structure?

Accepted Answer

A) B-cell receptors and T-cell receptors 
B) B-cell receptors and antibodies 
C) T-cell receptors and antibodies 
D) antibodies and antigens 
E) antibodies and epitopes 
A) B-cell receptors and T-cell receptors 
B) B-cell receptors and antibodies 
C) T-cell receptors and antibodies 
D) antibodies and antigens 
E) antibodies and epitopes

Question 6

A patient who has a parasitic worm infection and another patient responding to an allergen such as ragweed pollen have which of the following in common?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in cytotoxic T cell number 
B) suffering from anaphylactic shock 
C) risking development of an autoimmune disease 
D) suffering from a decreased level of innate immunity 
E) an increase in the levels of IgE 
A) an increase in cytotoxic T cell number 
B) suffering from anaphylactic shock 
C) risking development of an autoimmune disease 
D) suffering from a decreased level of innate immunity 
E) an increase in the levels of IgE

Question 7

An epitope is

Accepted Answer

A) part of the interferons that penetrate foreign cells. 
B) a protein protruding from the surface of B cells. 
C) two structurally similar antibodies dissolved in the blood plasma. 
D) that part of an antigen that actually binds to an antigen receptor. 
E) a mirror image of an antigen. 
A) part of the interferons that penetrate foreign cells. 
B) a protein protruding from the surface of B cells. 
C) two structurally similar antibodies dissolved in the blood plasma. 
D) that part of an antigen that actually binds to an antigen receptor. 
E) a mirror image of an antigen.

Question 8

The primary function of humoral immunity is

Accepted Answer

A) to defend against fungi and protozoa. 
B) to reject transplanted tissues. 
C) to protect the body against cells that become cancerous. 
D) to protect the body against extracellular pathogens. 
E) to defend against bacteria and viruses that have already infected cells. 
A) to defend against fungi and protozoa. 
B) to reject transplanted tissues. 
C) to protect the body against cells that become cancerous. 
D) to protect the body against extracellular pathogens. 
E) to defend against bacteria and viruses that have already infected cells.

Question 9

Use the following graph to answer the questions below.
  
-According to the graph,naive memory cells will be produced

Accepted Answer

A) between 0 and 7 days. 
B) between 7 and 14 days. 
C) between 28 and 35 days. 
D) between 35 and 42 days. 
E) both between 0 and 7 days and between 28 and 35 days. 
A) between 0 and 7 days. 
B) between 7 and 14 days. 
C) between 28 and 35 days. 
D) between 35 and 42 days. 
E) both between 0 and 7 days and between 28 and 35 days.

Question 10

What type of immunity is associated with breast feeding?

Accepted Answer

A) innate immunity 
B) active immunity 
C) passive immunity 
D) cell-mediated immunity 
E) cytotoxic immunity 
A) innate immunity 
B) active immunity 
C) passive immunity 
D) cell-mediated immunity 
E) cytotoxic immunity

Question 11

A systemic inflammatory response that is often life-threatening is

Accepted Answer

A) mild fever. 
B) aches and dull pain. 
C) septic shock. 
D) high blood pressure. 
E) increased white blood cell count. 
A) mild fever. 
B) aches and dull pain. 
C) septic shock. 
D) high blood pressure. 
E) increased white blood cell count.

Question 12

A patient complaining of watery,itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with

Accepted Answer

A) a vaccine. 
B) complement. 
C) sterile pollen. 
D) antihistamines. 
E) monoclonal antibodies. 
A) a vaccine. 
B) complement. 
C) sterile pollen. 
D) antihistamines. 
E) monoclonal antibodies.

Question 13

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A) a condition in which B cells and T cells respond independently to antigens and do not interact correctly 
B) a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen 
C) a condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self 
D) a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by an antigen 
E) a condition where the individual produces too much IgE and the result is excessive histamine release when encountering environmental antigens 
A) a condition in which B cells and T cells respond independently to antigens and do not interact correctly 
B) a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen 
C) a condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self 
D) a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by an antigen 
E) a condition where the individual produces too much IgE and the result is excessive histamine release when encountering environmental antigens

Question 14

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane)to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob),even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions,because

Accepted Answer

A) even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her MHC proteins may not be a match. 
B) a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change. 
C) for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles. 
D) Jane's class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow. 
E) Bob's immune response has been made inadequate before he receives the transplant. 
A) even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her MHC proteins may not be a match. 
B) a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change. 
C) for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles. 
D) Jane's class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow. 
E) Bob's immune response has been made inadequate before he receives the transplant.

Question 15

An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because

Accepted Answer

A) MHC molecules of the donor may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules. 
B) the tissue graft, unlike the bacterium, is isolated from the circulation and will not enter into an immune response. 
C) a response to the graft will involve B cells and a response to the bacterium will not. 
D) a bacterium cannot escape the immune system by replicating inside normal body cells. 
E) the graft will stimulate an autoimmune response in the recipient. 
A) MHC molecules of the donor may stimulate rejection of the graft tissue, but bacteria lack MHC molecules. 
B) the tissue graft, unlike the bacterium, is isolated from the circulation and will not enter into an immune response. 
C) a response to the graft will involve B cells and a response to the bacterium will not. 
D) a bacterium cannot escape the immune system by replicating inside normal body cells. 
E) the graft will stimulate an autoimmune response in the recipient.

Question 16

Acidity in human urine is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) cell-mediated immune responses. 
B) antibody activation. 
C) acquired immunity. 
D) adaptive immunity. 
E) innate immunity. 
A) cell-mediated immune responses. 
B) antibody activation. 
C) acquired immunity. 
D) adaptive immunity. 
E) innate immunity.

Question 17

An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit from

Accepted Answer

A) vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin. 
B) injection of antibodies to the toxin. 
C) injection of interleukin-1. 
D) injection of interleukin-2. 
E) injection of interferon. 
A) vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin. 
B) injection of antibodies to the toxin. 
C) injection of interleukin-1. 
D) injection of interleukin-2. 
E) injection of interferon.

Question 18

The transfusion of type A blood to a person who has type O blood would result in

Accepted Answer

A) the recipient's B antigens reacting with the donated anti-B antibodies. 
B) the recipient's anti-A antibodies clumping the donated red blood cells. 
C) the recipient's anti-A and anti-O antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells if the donor was a heterozygote (Ai)for blood type. 
D) no reaction because type O is a universal donor. 
E) no reaction because the O-type individual does not have antibodies. 
A) the recipient's B antigens reacting with the donated anti-B antibodies. 
B) the recipient's anti-A antibodies clumping the donated red blood cells. 
C) the recipient's anti-A and anti-O antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells if the donor was a heterozygote (Ai)for blood type. 
D) no reaction because type O is a universal donor. 
E) no reaction because the O-type individual does not have antibodies.

Question 19

Which of the following cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and also respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes?

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) helper T cells 
D) macrophages 
E) B cells 
A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) helper T cells 
D) macrophages 
E) B cells

Question 20

The MHC is important in a T cell's ability to

Accepted Answer

A) distinguish self from nonself. 
B) recognize specific parasitic pathogens. 
C) identify specific bacterial pathogens. 
D) identify specific viruses. 
E) recognize differences among types of cancer. 
A) distinguish self from nonself. 
B) recognize specific parasitic pathogens. 
C) identify specific bacterial pathogens. 
D) identify specific viruses. 
E) recognize differences among types of cancer.

Exam 43: The Immune System

An invertebrate,such as an insect,has innate immunity activity in its intestine that likely includes

Antigens are

In active immunity,but not passive immunity,there is

Which of the following pairs of proteins share the most overall similarity in structure?

A patient who has a parasitic worm infection and another patient responding to an allergen such as ragweed pollen have which of the following in common?

An epitope is

The primary function of humoral immunity is

Use the following graph to answer the questions below. -According to the graph,naive memory cells will be produced

What type of immunity is associated with breast feeding?

A systemic inflammatory response that is often life-threatening is

A patient complaining of watery,itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane)to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob),even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions,because

An immune response to a tissue graft will differ from an immune response to a bacterium because

Acidity in human urine is an example of

An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit from

The transfusion of type A blood to a person who has type O blood would result in

Which of the following cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and also respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes?

The MHC is important in a T cell's ability to

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

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Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

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Cell Communication

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Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Regulation of Gene Expression

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Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

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Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

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