Question 1

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because

Accepted Answer

A) they are autotrophic. 
B) cattle, like rabbits, re-ingest their feces. 
C) they manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver. 
D) cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose. 
E) they have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs. 
A) they are autotrophic. 
B) cattle, like rabbits, re-ingest their feces. 
C) they manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver. 
D) cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose. 
E) they have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs. E

Question 2

What is the pancreas involved in the digestion of?
I.protein
II.fat
III.nucleic acids
IV.carbohydrates

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) II, III, and IV 
E) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and IV 
D) II, III, and IV 
E) I, II, III, and IV E

Question 3

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol,whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes

Accepted Answer

A) are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B) are excludible intracellular processes in most organisms. 
C) add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). 
D) require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
E) require ATP as an energy source. 
A) are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B) are excludible intracellular processes in most organisms. 
C) add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). 
D) require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
E) require ATP as an energy source. C

Question 4

Coprophagy,the nutrition-boosting ingestion of fecal material,is important for the nutritional balance of

Accepted Answer

A) ruminants such as cows. 
B) insects and arthropods. 
C) rabbits and their relatives. 
D) squirrels and some rodents. 
E) very large animals, such as elephants. 
A) ruminants such as cows. 
B) insects and arthropods. 
C) rabbits and their relatives. 
D) squirrels and some rodents. 
E) very large animals, such as elephants.

Question 5

Because adult lampreys attach onto the surface of large fish for long periods of time to feed on body fluids,they can accomplish nutritional balance without need for a

Accepted Answer

A) liver. 
B) pancreas. 
C) intestine. 
D) stomach. 
E) gallbladder. 
A) liver. 
B) pancreas. 
C) intestine. 
D) stomach. 
E) gallbladder.

Question 6

An enlarged cecum is typical of

Accepted Answer

A) rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears. 
B) carnivorous animals. 
C) tubeworms that digest via symbionts. 
D) humans and other primates. 
E) tapeworms and other intestinal parasites. 
A) rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears. 
B) carnivorous animals. 
C) tubeworms that digest via symbionts. 
D) humans and other primates. 
E) tapeworms and other intestinal parasites.

Question 7

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder,a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of

Accepted Answer

A) starch. 
B) protein. 
C) sugar. 
D) fat. 
E) water. 
A) starch. 
B) protein. 
C) sugar. 
D) fat. 
E) water.

Question 8

Upon activation by stomach acidity,the secretions of the parietal cells

Accepted Answer

A) initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B) initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C) initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D) include pepsinogen. 
E) delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine. 
A) initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B) initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C) initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D) include pepsinogen. 
E) delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine.

Question 9

The following table shows the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (%DV).
 
The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is

Accepted Answer

A) that it would be chemically impossible to add more. 
B) these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100%. 
C) it is too easy to overdose on minerals such as phosphorus and calcium. 
D) it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K. 
E) these supplements are meant for those who have been deprived of healthy foods. 
A) that it would be chemically impossible to add more. 
B) these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100%. 
C) it is too easy to overdose on minerals such as phosphorus and calcium. 
D) it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K. 
E) these supplements are meant for those who have been deprived of healthy foods.

Question 10

When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine,why is the environment no longer acidic?

Accepted Answer

A) Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid. 
B) Enterokinase activates trypsinogen, thus neutralizing the stomach acid. 
C) Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralize the stomach acid. 
D) When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach. 
E) Cholecystokinin stimulates release of basic molecules to neutralize the influx of acid contents from the stomach 
A) Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid. 
B) Enterokinase activates trypsinogen, thus neutralizing the stomach acid. 
C) Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralize the stomach acid. 
D) When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach. 
E) Cholecystokinin stimulates release of basic molecules to neutralize the influx of acid contents from the stomach

Question 11

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat.Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

Accepted Answer

A) amylase 
B) pepsidase 
C) lipase 
D) secretin 
E) pepsin 
A) amylase 
B) pepsidase 
C) lipase 
D) secretin 
E) pepsin

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Pretend that you are John Cabot and have been at sea for many months.After several food supplies run out (including the fruits and vegetables),you begin to feel lethargic and notice the development of spots on your skin as well as bleeding from your mucous membranes.You make a visit to the ship's physician and he diagnoses you with scurvy.
-The symptoms of scurvy are experienced due to the lack of which major bodily function?

Accepted Answer

A) collagen synthesis 
B) production of nucleic acids 
C) amino acid metabolism 
D) maintenance of epithelial tissues 
E) blood clotting 
A) collagen synthesis 
B) production of nucleic acids 
C) amino acid metabolism 
D) maintenance of epithelial tissues 
E) blood clotting

Question 13

Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits.The ob gene codes for a satiety factor,the hormone leptin.The db gene product,the leptin receptor,is required to respond to the satiety factor.
-Leptin is a product of adipose cells.Therefore,a very obese mouse would be expected to have

Accepted Answer

A) increased gene expression of ob and decreased expression of db. 
B) increased gene expression of db and decreased expression of ob. 
C) decreased transcription of both ob and db. 
D) mutation of ob or db. 
E) same levels of transcription and non-obese mice 
A) increased gene expression of ob and decreased expression of db. 
B) increased gene expression of db and decreased expression of ob. 
C) decreased transcription of both ob and db. 
D) mutation of ob or db. 
E) same levels of transcription and non-obese mice

Question 14

The adaptations suited to a carnivorous diet include

Accepted Answer

A) broad, flat molars. 
B) a rumen. 
C) ingestion of feces. 
D) bile salts. 
E) amylase. 
A) broad, flat molars. 
B) a rumen. 
C) ingestion of feces. 
D) bile salts. 
E) amylase.

Question 15

Which pair correctly associates a biochemical process with the appropriate mineral associated with its use in animals?

Accepted Answer

A) maintenance of bone and calcium 
B) cofactor in enzymes that make ATP and magnesium 
C) thyroid hormone synthesis and iron 
D) nucleic acid synthesis and sulphur 
E) glucose homeostasis and iodine 
A) maintenance of bone and calcium 
B) cofactor in enzymes that make ATP and magnesium 
C) thyroid hormone synthesis and iron 
D) nucleic acid synthesis and sulphur 
E) glucose homeostasis and iodine

Question 16

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules,this requires the animals to have mechanisms for

Accepted Answer

A) elimination. 
B) dehydration synthesis. 
C) enzymatic hydrolysis. 
D) regurgitation. 
E) demineralization. 
A) elimination. 
B) dehydration synthesis. 
C) enzymatic hydrolysis. 
D) regurgitation. 
E) demineralization.

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above.The highest rate of nutrient absorption occurs at location(s)

Accepted Answer

A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4. 
D) 3 and 4. 
E) 1, 3, and 4. 
A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4. 
D) 3 and 4. 
E) 1, 3, and 4.

Question 18

Three groups of cyclists consumed three different types of diets: high-carbohydrate; a diet mixed in carbohydrates,fat,and protein; or a diet higher in protein and fat.The average time each group could spend cycling over a six-hour period is shown in the above graph.What conclusion from the data would help an athlete or trainer improve performance?

Accepted Answer

A) Endurance is entirely related to diet. 
B) Maintaining elevated blood sugar improves performance. 
C) An early 50 percent drop in blood glucose is associated with improved endurance. 
D) Diet is not at all related to endurance. 
E) Fats have the most energy and thus diets with higher fat content are best. 
A) Endurance is entirely related to diet. 
B) Maintaining elevated blood sugar improves performance. 
C) An early 50 percent drop in blood glucose is associated with improved endurance. 
D) Diet is not at all related to endurance. 
E) Fats have the most energy and thus diets with higher fat content are best.

Question 19

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are an archaeologist and have found the well-preserved body of an unknown animal.It has large jaws with very jagged molars and sharp canines.After dissecting the animal,you observe that it has a comparatively small cecum.
-The cecum is small because

Accepted Answer

A) there is little room in the abdominal cavity. 
B) it secretes very few enzymes. 
C) it digests only alcohol. 
D) animal cells are not surrounded by a wall. 
E) it is responsible for water uptake. 
A) there is little room in the abdominal cavity. 
B) it secretes very few enzymes. 
C) it digests only alcohol. 
D) animal cells are not surrounded by a wall. 
E) it is responsible for water uptake.

Question 20

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

Accepted Answer

A) cutting. 
B) ripping. 
C) grinding. 
D) splitting. 
E) piercing. 
A) cutting. 
B) ripping. 
C) grinding. 
D) splitting. 
E) piercing.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because

What is the pancreas involved in the digestion of? I.protein II.fat III.nucleic acids IV.carbohydrates

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol,whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes

Coprophagy,the nutrition-boosting ingestion of fecal material,is important for the nutritional balance of

Because adult lampreys attach onto the surface of large fish for long periods of time to feed on body fluids,they can accomplish nutritional balance without need for a

An enlarged cecum is typical of

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder,a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of

Upon activation by stomach acidity,the secretions of the parietal cells

The following table shows the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (%DV). The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is

When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine,why is the environment no longer acidic?

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat.Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

The adaptations suited to a carnivorous diet include

Which pair correctly associates a biochemical process with the appropriate mineral associated with its use in animals?

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules,this requires the animals to have mechanisms for

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above.The highest rate of nutrient absorption occurs at location(s)

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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