Question 1

Which of the following is an example of cryptic colouration?

Accepted Answer

A) bands on a coral snake 
B) brown or gray colour of tree bark 
C) markings of a viceroy butterfly's wings 
D) colours of an insect-pollinated flower's petals 
E) a "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig 
A) bands on a coral snake 
B) brown or gray colour of tree bark 
C) markings of a viceroy butterfly's wings 
D) colours of an insect-pollinated flower's petals 
E) a "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig E

Question 2

According to the nonequilibrium model

Accepted Answer

A) communities will remain in a climax state if there are no human disturbances. 
B) community structure remains stable in the absence of interspecific competition. 
C) communities are assemblages of closely linked species that are irreparably changed by disturbance. 
D) interspecific interactions induce changes in community composition over time. 
E) communities are constantly changing after being influenced by disturbances. 
A) communities will remain in a climax state if there are no human disturbances. 
B) community structure remains stable in the absence of interspecific competition. 
C) communities are assemblages of closely linked species that are irreparably changed by disturbance. 
D) interspecific interactions induce changes in community composition over time. 
E) communities are constantly changing after being influenced by disturbances. E

Question 3

The 1988 Yellowstone National Park lodgepole pine forest fires were likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A) overgrazing by elk. 
B) infrequent rain episodes. 
C) years of fire suppression by humans. 
D) unextinguished campfires. 
E) geysers. 
A) overgrazing by elk. 
B) infrequent rain episodes. 
C) years of fire suppression by humans. 
D) unextinguished campfires. 
E) geysers. C

Question 4

Which of the following would be most significant in understanding the structure of an ecological community?
I. determining how many species are present overall
II. determining which particular species are present
III.determining the kinds of interactions that occur among organisms of different species
IV.determining the relative abundance of species

Accepted Answer

A) only I and III 
B) only II and IV 
C) only I, II, and III 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) only I and III 
B) only II and IV 
C) only I, II, and III 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 5

The following statements about community structure and interactions are correct,with the exception of which one?

Accepted Answer

A) The trophic cascade model suggests that the lower trophic levels influence/control the higher trophic levels. 
B) High-diversity communities are often more resilient to invasive species than low-diversity communities. 
C) Communities show variation in the top-down and bottom-down community control. 
D) The dynamic stability hypothesis suggests that long food chains are less stable than low food chains. 
E) An organism that influences a community by changing its physical environment is referred to as an ecosystem engineer. 
A) The trophic cascade model suggests that the lower trophic levels influence/control the higher trophic levels. 
B) High-diversity communities are often more resilient to invasive species than low-diversity communities. 
C) Communities show variation in the top-down and bottom-down community control. 
D) The dynamic stability hypothesis suggests that long food chains are less stable than low food chains. 
E) An organism that influences a community by changing its physical environment is referred to as an ecosystem engineer.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about the MacArthur/Wilson Island Equilibrium Model?

Accepted Answer

A) The more species that inhabit an island, the lower the extinction rate. 
B) As the number of species on an island increases, the emigration rate decreases. 
C) Competitive exclusion is less likely on an island that has large numbers of species. 
D) Small islands receive few new immigrant species. 
E) Islands closer to the mainland have higher extinction rates. 
A) The more species that inhabit an island, the lower the extinction rate. 
B) As the number of species on an island increases, the emigration rate decreases. 
C) Competitive exclusion is less likely on an island that has large numbers of species. 
D) Small islands receive few new immigrant species. 
E) Islands closer to the mainland have higher extinction rates.

Question 7

In terms of community ecology,why are pathogens more virulent now than ever before?

Accepted Answer

A) More new pathogens have recently evolved. 
B) Host organisms have become more susceptible because of weakened immune systems. 
C) Human activities are transporting pathogens globally at an unprecedented rate. 
D) Medicines for treating pathogenic disease are in short supply. 
E) Sequencing of genes in pathogenic organisms is particularly difficult. 
A) More new pathogens have recently evolved. 
B) Host organisms have become more susceptible because of weakened immune systems. 
C) Human activities are transporting pathogens globally at an unprecedented rate. 
D) Medicines for treating pathogenic disease are in short supply. 
E) Sequencing of genes in pathogenic organisms is particularly difficult.

Question 8

Scientists interested in how populations interact within communities are attempting to determine the species diversity of an island under study.What kind of data would be most helpful to the scientists in determining diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of different species on the island and the size of the population of each species 
B) the number of species on the island that are consumers, producers, and decomposers 
C) the relative biomass of each species on the island separated by trophic level 
D) the number of trophic levels on the island and the niche of each species 
A) the number of different species on the island and the size of the population of each species 
B) the number of species on the island that are consumers, producers, and decomposers 
C) the relative biomass of each species on the island separated by trophic level 
D) the number of trophic levels on the island and the niche of each species

Question 9

Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,a community's species diversity is increased by

Accepted Answer

A) frequent massive disturbance. 
B) stable conditions with no disturbance. 
C) moderate levels of disturbance. 
D) human intervention to eliminate disturbance. 
E) intensive disturbance by humans. 
A) frequent massive disturbance. 
B) stable conditions with no disturbance. 
C) moderate levels of disturbance. 
D) human intervention to eliminate disturbance. 
E) intensive disturbance by humans.

Question 10

The symbols +,-,and o are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow.The symbol + denotes a positive interaction,- denotes a negative interaction,and o denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting.The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between a bee and a flower?

Accepted Answer

A) +/+ 
B) +/o 
C) +/- 
D) o/o 
E) -/- 
A) +/+ 
B) +/o 
C) +/- 
D) o/o 
E) -/-

Question 11

What percentage of all species on Earth are parasites?

Accepted Answer

A) 1% 
B) 5% 
C) 25% 
D) 33 1/3% 
E) 50% 
A) 1% 
B) 5% 
C) 25% 
D) 33 1/3% 
E) 50%

Question 12

The symbols +,-,and o are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow.The symbol + denotes a positive interaction,- denotes a negative interaction,and o denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting.The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between a tick on a dog and the dog?

Accepted Answer

A) +/+ 
B) +/o 
C) +/- 
D) o/o 
E) -/- 
A) +/+ 
B) +/o 
C) +/- 
D) o/o 
E) -/-

Question 13

Approximately how many kg of carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 000 
B) 1000 
C) 100 
D) 10 
E) 1 
A) 10 000 
B) 1000 
C) 100 
D) 10 
E) 1

Question 14

Primary succession differs from secondary succession in what way?

Accepted Answer

A) They differ in the length of time that succession takes. 
B) Primary succession occurs in areas devoid of all living organisms. 
C) Primary succession occurs after an intermediate disturbance. 
D) Primary succession occurs in areas with no soil. 
E) Primary succession occurs in areas with little precipitation. 
A) They differ in the length of time that succession takes. 
B) Primary succession occurs in areas devoid of all living organisms. 
C) Primary succession occurs after an intermediate disturbance. 
D) Primary succession occurs in areas with no soil. 
E) Primary succession occurs in areas with little precipitation.

Question 15

Please refer to the art below to answer the following question.
  
-According to the Shannon Diversity Index,which block would show the greatest diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 16

The symbols +,-,and o are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow.The symbol + denotes a positive interaction,- denotes a negative interaction,and o denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting.The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between a lion pride and a hyena pack?

Accepted Answer

A) +/+ 
B) +/o 
C) +/- 
D) o/o 
E) -/- 
A) +/+ 
B) +/o 
C) +/- 
D) o/o 
E) -/-

Question 17

Which of the following statements is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Bird species generally do not compete for nesting sites. 
B) The random distribution of one competing species will have a positive impact on the population growth of the other competing species. 
C) Two species with the same fundamental niche will exclude other competing species. 
D) Even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to the elimination of the less well-adapted of two competing species. 
E) Natural selection tends to increase competition between related species. 
A) Bird species generally do not compete for nesting sites. 
B) The random distribution of one competing species will have a positive impact on the population growth of the other competing species. 
C) Two species with the same fundamental niche will exclude other competing species. 
D) Even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to the elimination of the less well-adapted of two competing species. 
E) Natural selection tends to increase competition between related species.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of aposematic colouration?

Accepted Answer

A) stripes of a skunk 
B) eye colour in humans 
C) green colour of a plant 
D) colours of an insect-pollinated flower 
E) a katydid whose wings look like a dead leaf 
A) stripes of a skunk 
B) eye colour in humans 
C) green colour of a plant 
D) colours of an insect-pollinated flower 
E) a katydid whose wings look like a dead leaf

Question 19

Keystone species

Accepted Answer

A) have little effect on trophic interactions in the community. 
B) are usually one of the larger species in the community. 
C) exert a strong influence on the community because of population size and their ecological niche. 
D) exert a strong influence on the community, not necessarily because of population size, but because of their critical ecological role in the community. 
E) can be removed from some communities without drastic effects on the community. 
A) have little effect on trophic interactions in the community. 
B) are usually one of the larger species in the community. 
C) exert a strong influence on the community because of population size and their ecological niche. 
D) exert a strong influence on the community, not necessarily because of population size, but because of their critical ecological role in the community. 
E) can be removed from some communities without drastic effects on the community.

Question 20

Elephants are not the most dominant species in African grasslands,yet they influence community structure.The grasslands contain scattered woody plants,but they are kept in check by the uprooting activities of the elephants.Take away the elephants,and the grasslands convert to forests or to shrublands.The newly growing forests support fewer species than the previous grasslands.Which of the following describes why elephants are the keystone species in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) Essentially all of the other species depend on the presence of the elephants to maintain the community. 
B) Grazing animals depend upon the elephants to convert forests to grassland. 
C) Elephants prevent drought in African grasslands. 
D) Elephants are the biggest herbivore in this community. 
E) Elephants help other populations survive by keeping out many of the large African predators. 
A) Essentially all of the other species depend on the presence of the elephants to maintain the community. 
B) Grazing animals depend upon the elephants to convert forests to grassland. 
C) Elephants prevent drought in African grasslands. 
D) Elephants are the biggest herbivore in this community. 
E) Elephants help other populations survive by keeping out many of the large African predators.

Exam 54: Community Ecology

Which of the following is an example of cryptic colouration?

According to the nonequilibrium model

The 1988 Yellowstone National Park lodgepole pine forest fires were likely the result of

The following statements about community structure and interactions are correct,with the exception of which one?

Which of the following is a correct statement about the MacArthur/Wilson Island Equilibrium Model?

In terms of community ecology,why are pathogens more virulent now than ever before?

Scientists interested in how populations interact within communities are attempting to determine the species diversity of an island under study.What kind of data would be most helpful to the scientists in determining diversity?

Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,a community's species diversity is increased by

What percentage of all species on Earth are parasites?

Approximately how many kg of carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material?

Primary succession differs from secondary succession in what way?

Please refer to the art below to answer the following question. -According to the Shannon Diversity Index,which block would show the greatest diversity?

Which of the following statements is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion?

Which of the following is an example of aposematic colouration?

Keystone species

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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