Exam 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut trees pollinate orchids,which are epiphytes (in other words,plants that grow on other plants); however,orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut trees.These observations explain

Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?

Which of the following structures in the life cycle of a pine are haploid?

The next few questions refer to the following description. The cycads,a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms,evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the Dinosaurs.Though their sperm are flagellated,their ovules are pollinated by beetles.These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)and shelter from the microsporophylls.Upon visiting megasporophylls,the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules.In cycads,pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants.Cycads synthesize neurotoxins,especially in the seeds,that are effective against most animals,including humans. -Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? 1)They have exposed ovules. 2)They have flagellated sperm. 3)They are pollinated by animals.

Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm carpels?

Generally,wind pollination is most likely to be found in seed plants that grow

The next few questions refer to the following description.Match the animal features with the appropriate angiosperm analogue. Oviparous (egg-laying)animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body).Yolk and/or albumen is (are)provided to the embryo,and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source.Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development,or are incubated by one or both parents. -The internal fertilization that occurs prior to shell deposition is what type of angiosperm analogue?

Domesticated honeybees are one of the most important insect pollinators for domestic and global food production.Which cause is not attributed to the large losses of honeybee colonies?

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants.Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

The taller a Brazil nut tree is, 1)the more valuable it is as a source of lumber. 2)the less useful it is to harpy eagles. 3)the greater its photosynthetic rate relative to neighbouring plants.

Use the following information to answer the questions below. The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure below.Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part,and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis,mitosis,or fertilization. -In the figure above,which number represents an embryo?

Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?

A gymnosperm seed consists of a

In angiosperms,which number in the above figure most nearly represents the event that initiates the formation of endosperm?

Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves,with the adaptive advantage of

To help ensure a prosperous future for the largest number of people,developed countries should

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. The Brazil nut tree,Bertholletia excels (n = 17),is native to tropical rain forests of South America.It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 metres,is a source of high-quality lumber,and is a favourite nesting site for harpy eagles.As the rainy season ends,tough-walled fruits,each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts),fall to the forest floor.About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year.Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow,self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. -The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.),a cat-sized rodent,is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits.It typically eats some of the seeds,buries others,and leaves still others behind inside the fruit,which moisture can now enter.The uneaten seeds may subsequently germinate.Consequently,which terms describe the relationship between the Brazil nut tree and the agouti? 1)parasitic 2)commensalistic 3)symbiotic 4)endosymbiotic 5)mutualistic

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students,respectively.They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to study about plants because plants have little relevance to their chosen professions. -From reading their biology textbook,what would Harold and Kumar discover?

If one were to erect a new taxon of plants that included all plants that are pollinated by animals,and only plants that are pollinated by animals,then this new taxon would be