Exam 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Use the following information to answer the question(s)below. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata)usually has red flowers in an inflorescence of up to 250 flowers.In certain populations in the Arizona mountains,however,the flowers range from red to pink to white.In early summer,most of the flowers were red.Six to eight weeks later,the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white,and few red flowers were present.The major pollinators early in the season were two species of hummingbirds active during the day; they emigrated to lower elevations,and the major pollinator later in the season was a hawk moth (a type of moth).The hawk moth was most active at sunset and later,and it preferred light pink to white flowers after dark.When hummingbirds were present,more red flowers than white flowers produced fruit.When only hawk moths were present,more white flowers produced fruit (K.N.Paige and T.G.Whitham.1985.Individual and population shifts in flower colour by scarlet gilia: A mechanism for pollinator tracking.Science 227:315-17). -Refer to the paragraph on scarlet gilia.What is the significance of measuring fruit production?

Over human history,which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?

Brazil nut trees begin producing fruit at the age of 10 years,reach final height at about 120 years,and can live for over 500 years.A landowner can earn more by felling a Brazil nut tree and selling it for lumber than from several seasons' worth of Brazil nut harvests from the same tree.Thus,it makes greater financial sense in the long run to harvest

Orchid bees are to Brazil nut trees as ________ are to pine trees.

Use the following information to answer the questions below. In onions (Allium),cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus.Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues. -How many chromosomes should be in a megasporangium nucleus?

Carpels and stamens are

Use the following information to answer the questions below. In onions (Allium),cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus.Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues. -How many chromosomes should be in an embryo sac nucleus?

The next few questions refer to the following description. The cycads,a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms,evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the Dinosaurs.Though their sperm are flagellated,their ovules are pollinated by beetles.These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)and shelter from the microsporophylls.Upon visiting megasporophylls,the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules.In cycads,pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants.Cycads synthesize neurotoxins,especially in the seeds,that are effective against most animals,including humans. -Which feature of cycads makes them similar to many angiosperms? 1)They have exposed ovules. 2)They have flagellated sperm. 3)They are pollinated by animals.

Use the following information to answer the question(s)below. Scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata)usually has red flowers in an inflorescence of up to 250 flowers.In certain populations in the Arizona mountains,however,the flowers range from red to pink to white.In early summer,most of the flowers were red.Six to eight weeks later,the same individual plants were still present; the flowers ranged from pink to white,and few red flowers were present.The major pollinators early in the season were two species of hummingbirds active during the day; they emigrated to lower elevations,and the major pollinator later in the season was a hawk moth (a type of moth).The hawk moth was most active at sunset and later,and it preferred light pink to white flowers after dark.When hummingbirds were present,more red flowers than white flowers produced fruit.When only hawk moths were present,more white flowers produced fruit (K.N.Paige and T.G.Whitham.1985.Individual and population shifts in flower colour by scarlet gilia: A mechanism for pollinator tracking.Science 227:315-17). -Refer to the paragraph on scarlet gilia.Late in the season,when only hawk moths were present,researchers painted the red flowers white.What would you expect?

The three key reproductive adaptations of seed plant evolution include

With respect to angiosperms,which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?

The seed coat's most important function is to provide

Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus).These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that

In the figure above,the process labelled "6" involves

Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit?

Native peoples traditionally use Brazil nuts to treat stomach ache,inflammation,hypersensitivity,and hepatitis.Consequently,a scientist should be interested in promoting

Suppose that the cells of seed plants,like the skin cells of humans,produce a pigment upon increased exposure to UV radiation.Rank the following cells,from greatest to least,in terms of the likelihood of producing this pigment. 1)cells of sporangium 2)cells in the interior of a subterranean root 3)epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls 4)cells of a gametophyte

Which adaptation(s)of land plants is (are)likely to provide Harold with future patients?

Hypothetically,one of the major benefits of double fertilization in angiosperms is to

Meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)in the figure above?