Question 1

Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following?
1)cells with a single haploid nucleus
2)heterokaryotic cells
3)dikaryotic cells
4)cells with two diploid nuclei

Accepted Answer

A) 1 or 2 
B) 1 or 3 
C) 2 or 3 
D) 2 or 4 
E) 3 or 4 
A) 1 or 2 
B) 1 or 3 
C) 2 or 3 
D) 2 or 4 
E) 3 or 4 C

Question 2

Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) ascospores 
B) basidiospores 
C) zygosporangia 
D) conidiophores 
E) ascocarps 
A) ascospores 
B) basidiospores 
C) zygosporangia 
D) conidiophores 
E) ascocarps D

Question 3

Lichens are older than plants.Is it possible that lichens were an important component in aiding the colonization of land by plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes; lichens could have floated in oceans and accidentally been washed up on land. 
B) Yes; lichens could have modified the rocks and soil in a similar way that they do today when they colonize areas disturbed by volcanic explosions and fires. 
C) No, because fungus and algae colonized land at different times. 
D) No, because the fungus component of lichens is not as old as algae. 
E) More experiments need to be done before we are sure. 
A) Yes; lichens could have floated in oceans and accidentally been washed up on land. 
B) Yes; lichens could have modified the rocks and soil in a similar way that they do today when they colonize areas disturbed by volcanic explosions and fires. 
C) No, because fungus and algae colonized land at different times. 
D) No, because the fungus component of lichens is not as old as algae. 
E) More experiments need to be done before we are sure. B

Question 4

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow,as viewed from above.The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil.Locations A-D are all 0.5 metres below the soil surface.Responses may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-If the fungus that produced the fairy ring can also produce arbuscules,then which of the following is most likely to be buried at location "C"?

Accepted Answer

A) septic tank 
B) tree stump 
C) deceased animal 
D) fire pit 
E) cement-capped well 
A) septic tank 
B) tree stump 
C) deceased animal 
D) fire pit 
E) cement-capped well

Question 5

Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour?

Accepted Answer

A) ergotism 
B) athlete's foot 
C) ringworm 
D) candidiasis (Candida yeast infection) 
E) coccidioidomycosis 
A) ergotism 
B) athlete's foot 
C) ringworm 
D) candidiasis (Candida yeast infection) 
E) coccidioidomycosis

Question 6

When pathogenic fungi are found growing on the roots of grape vines,grape farmers sometimes respond by covering the ground around their vines with plastic sheeting and pumping a gaseous fungicide into the soil.The most important concern of grape farmers who engage in this practice should be that the

Accepted Answer

A) fungicide might also kill the native yeasts residing on the surfaces of the grapes. 
B) lichens growing on the vines' branches are not harmed. 
C) fungicide might also kill mycorrhizae. 
D) sheeting is transparent so that photosynthesis can continue. 
A) fungicide might also kill the native yeasts residing on the surfaces of the grapes. 
B) lichens growing on the vines' branches are not harmed. 
C) fungicide might also kill mycorrhizae. 
D) sheeting is transparent so that photosynthesis can continue.

Question 7

Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis 
B) plasmogamy 
C) crossing over 
D) binary fission 
E) karyogamy 
A) mitosis 
B) plasmogamy 
C) crossing over 
D) binary fission 
E) karyogamy

Question 8

Fungi have an extremely high surface-area-to-volume ratio.What is the advantage of this to an organism that gets most of its nutrition through absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) The larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell membrane. 
B) The lower volume prevents the cells from drying out too quickly, which can interfere with absorption. 
C) This high ratio creates more room inside the cells for additional organelles involved in absorption. 
D) This high ratio means that fungi have a thick, fleshy structure that allows the fungi to store more of the food it absorbs. 
A) The larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell membrane. 
B) The lower volume prevents the cells from drying out too quickly, which can interfere with absorption. 
C) This high ratio creates more room inside the cells for additional organelles involved in absorption. 
D) This high ratio means that fungi have a thick, fleshy structure that allows the fungi to store more of the food it absorbs.

Question 9

The next few questions refer to the following phylogenetic trees.
   
I.
   
II.
   
III.
   
IV.
-Which tree depicts the microsporidians as a sister group of the fungi,rather than as a fungus?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV

Question 10

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow,as viewed from above.The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil.Locations A-D are all 0.5 metres below the soil surface.Responses may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-What is the most probable location of the oldest portion of this mycelium?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 11

Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and

Accepted Answer

A) mosses. 
B) cyanobacteria. 
C) green algae. 
D) Three of these responses are correct. 
E) Two of these responses are correct. 
A) mosses. 
B) cyanobacteria. 
C) green algae. 
D) Three of these responses are correct. 
E) Two of these responses are correct.

Question 12

If infection primarily involves the outermost layers of adult amphibian skin,and if the chytrids use the skin as their sole source of nutrition,then which term best applies to the chytrids?

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic chemoautotroph 
B) aerobic chemoautotroph 
C) anaerobic chemoheterotroph 
D) aerobic chemoheterotroph 
A) anaerobic chemoautotroph 
B) aerobic chemoautotroph 
C) anaerobic chemoheterotroph 
D) aerobic chemoheterotroph

Question 13

The hydrolytic digestion of which of the following should produce monomers that are aminated (i.e.,have an amine group attached)molecules of β-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) insect exoskeleton 
B) plant cell walls 
C) fungal cell walls 
D) Three of these responses are correct. 
E) Two of these responses are correct. 
A) insect exoskeleton 
B) plant cell walls 
C) fungal cell walls 
D) Three of these responses are correct. 
E) Two of these responses are correct.

Question 14

Some fungal species can kill herbivores while feeding off of sugars from its plant host.What type of relationship does this fungus have with its host?

Accepted Answer

A) parasitic 
B) mutualistic 
C) commensal 
D) predatory 
A) parasitic 
B) mutualistic 
C) commensal 
D) predatory

Question 15

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow,as viewed from above.The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil.Locations A-D are all 0.5 metres below the soil surface.Responses may be used once,more than once,or not at all.
  
-At which location is the mycelium currently absorbing the most nutrients per unit surface area,per unit time?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 16

Among sac fungi,which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?

Accepted Answer

A) Ascospores are diploid, whereas conidia are haploid. 
B) Ascospores are produced only by meiosis, whereas conidia are produced only by mitosis. 
C) Ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during their production, whereas conidia have not. 
D) Ascospores are larger, whereas conidia are smaller. 
E) Ascospores will germinate into haploid hyphae, whereas conidia will germinate into diploid hyphae. 
A) Ascospores are diploid, whereas conidia are haploid. 
B) Ascospores are produced only by meiosis, whereas conidia are produced only by mitosis. 
C) Ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during their production, whereas conidia have not. 
D) Ascospores are larger, whereas conidia are smaller. 
E) Ascospores will germinate into haploid hyphae, whereas conidia will germinate into diploid hyphae.

Question 17

What is the importance of a high surface area to volume ratio of mycelia?

Accepted Answer

A) allows for efficient absorption of nutrients 
B) protection from freezing 
C) new hyphae are constantly replacing dead hyphae 
D) hyphae need to be long to reach different plant roots that are far apart 
E) mycelia cannot survive in confined spaces 
A) allows for efficient absorption of nutrients 
B) protection from freezing 
C) new hyphae are constantly replacing dead hyphae 
D) hyphae need to be long to reach different plant roots that are far apart 
E) mycelia cannot survive in confined spaces

Question 18

Sexual reproduction has not been observed in Bd.If its morphology and genetics did not identify it as a chytridiomycete,then to which fungal group would Bd be assigned?

Accepted Answer

A) ascomycetes 
B) zygomycetes 
C) glomeromycetes 
D) basidiomycetes 
E) deuteromycetes 
A) ascomycetes 
B) zygomycetes 
C) glomeromycetes 
D) basidiomycetes 
E) deuteromycetes

Question 19

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms. 
B) avoiding sexual reproduction until the environment changes. 
C) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats. 
D) the increased probability of contact between different mating types. 
E) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition. 
A) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms. 
B) avoiding sexual reproduction until the environment changes. 
C) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats. 
D) the increased probability of contact between different mating types. 
E) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition.

Question 20

Which of the following has the least affiliation with all of the others?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomeromycota 
B) mycorrhizae 
C) lichens 
D) arbuscules 
E) mutualistic fungi 
A) Glomeromycota 
B) mycorrhizae 
C) lichens 
D) arbuscules 
E) mutualistic fungi

Exam 31: Fungi

Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following? 1)cells with a single haploid nucleus 2)heterokaryotic cells 3)dikaryotic cells 4)cells with two diploid nuclei

Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi?

Lichens are older than plants.Is it possible that lichens were an important component in aiding the colonization of land by plants?

Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour?

Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I?

Fungi have an extremely high surface-area-to-volume ratio.What is the advantage of this to an organism that gets most of its nutrition through absorption?

The next few questions refer to the following phylogenetic trees. I. II. III. IV. -Which tree depicts the microsporidians as a sister group of the fungi,rather than as a fungus?

Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and

If infection primarily involves the outermost layers of adult amphibian skin,and if the chytrids use the skin as their sole source of nutrition,then which term best applies to the chytrids?

The hydrolytic digestion of which of the following should produce monomers that are aminated (i.e.,have an amine group attached)molecules of β-glucose?

Some fungal species can kill herbivores while feeding off of sugars from its plant host.What type of relationship does this fungus have with its host?

Among sac fungi,which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?

What is the importance of a high surface area to volume ratio of mycelia?

Sexual reproduction has not been observed in Bd.If its morphology and genetics did not identify it as a chytridiomycete,then to which fungal group would Bd be assigned?

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Which of the following has the least affiliation with all of the others?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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