Question 1

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Accepted Answer

A) injection of vaccine. 
B) ingestion of interferon. 
C) placental transfer of antibodies. 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E) injection of antibodies. 
A) injection of vaccine. 
B) ingestion of interferon. 
C) placental transfer of antibodies. 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E) injection of antibodies. C

Question 2

Use the following table to answer the questions below.Rh is a protein found on the surface of some people's red blood cells.
  
-In Cases 1 and 2 in the table,the mothers would be able,if needed,to supply blood to the newborn even seven to nine months after birth; the same would not be true for Case 3.This is because

Accepted Answer

A) the fetus in Case 3 would provoke an immune response in the mother that would carry over after the birth. 
B) the newborn in Case 3 would soon be able to make antibodies to the B antigen of the mother. 
C) newborn children, until about age 2, do not make appreciable antibodies, except against Rh⁺ antigen. 
D) passive immunity would have worn off for the third newborn, but not for the other two. 
E) this difference is based on which of the mothers has been nursing her children, not on blood antigens. 
A) the fetus in Case 3 would provoke an immune response in the mother that would carry over after the birth. 
B) the newborn in Case 3 would soon be able to make antibodies to the B antigen of the mother. 
C) newborn children, until about age 2, do not make appreciable antibodies, except against Rh⁺ antigen. 
D) passive immunity would have worn off for the third newborn, but not for the other two. 
E) this difference is based on which of the mothers has been nursing her children, not on blood antigens. B

Question 3

Among the last line of defences against prolonged exposure to an extracellular pathogen is

Accepted Answer

A) lysozyme production. 
B) phagocytosis by neutrophils. 
C) antibody production by plasma cells. 
D) histamine release by mast cells. 
E) lysis by natural killer cells. 
A) lysozyme production. 
B) phagocytosis by neutrophils. 
C) antibody production by plasma cells. 
D) histamine release by mast cells. 
E) lysis by natural killer cells. C

Question 4

Immunological memory accounts for

Accepted Answer

A) the human body's ability to distinguish self from nonself. 
B) the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause worse disease than others. 
C) the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines. 
D) the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased. 
E) the ability of the immune system to present antigen fragments in association with MHC antigens. 
A) the human body's ability to distinguish self from nonself. 
B) the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause worse disease than others. 
C) the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines. 
D) the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased. 
E) the ability of the immune system to present antigen fragments in association with MHC antigens.

Question 5

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A) the set of antibodies produced 
B) the set of MHC molecules produced 
C) the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D) the susceptibility to a particular virus 
E) the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive 
A) the set of antibodies produced 
B) the set of MHC molecules produced 
C) the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D) the susceptibility to a particular virus 
E) the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive

Question 6

Where do lymphocytes mature?
I.spleen
II.thymus
III.bone marrow
IV.lymph nodes

Accepted Answer

A) only I and III 
B) only I and II 
C) only II and III 
D) only I, II, and III 
E) only II, III, and IV 
A) only I and III 
B) only I and II 
C) only II and III 
D) only I, II, and III 
E) only II, III, and IV

Question 7

Histamines trigger dilation of nearby blood vessels as well as an increase in their permeability,producing

Accepted Answer

A) redness and heat only. 
B) swelling only. 
C) pain. 
D) redness, heat, and swelling. 
E) all of the signs of a major infection. 
A) redness and heat only. 
B) swelling only. 
C) pain. 
D) redness, heat, and swelling. 
E) all of the signs of a major infection.

Question 8

Use the following table to answer the questions below.Rh is a protein found on the surface of some people's red blood cells.
  
-Study the table.Giving the mother anti-Rh antibodies before delivering her baby would be a wise precaution in

Accepted Answer

A) Case 1 only. 
B) Case 3 only. 
C) Cases 1 and 2 only. 
D) Cases 1, 2, and 3. 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given. 
A) Case 1 only. 
B) Case 3 only. 
C) Cases 1 and 2 only. 
D) Cases 1, 2, and 3. 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given.

Question 9

What can naturally acquired passive immunity result from?

Accepted Answer

A) injection of vaccine 
B) ingestion of interferon 
C) placental transfer of antibodies 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes 
E) lysis of bacteria in the stomach 
A) injection of vaccine 
B) ingestion of interferon 
C) placental transfer of antibodies 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes 
E) lysis of bacteria in the stomach

Question 10

The activation of helper T cells is likely

Accepted Answer

A) when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell. 
B) when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines. 
C) when natural killer (NK)cells come in contact with a tumour cell. 
D) in the bone marrow during the self-tolerance test. 
E) when B cells respond to T-independent antigens. 
A) when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell. 
B) when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines. 
C) when natural killer (NK)cells come in contact with a tumour cell. 
D) in the bone marrow during the self-tolerance test. 
E) when B cells respond to T-independent antigens.

Question 11

A cell type that interacts with both the humoral and cell-mediated immune pathways is a

Accepted Answer

A) plasma cell. 
B) cytotoxic T cell. 
C) natural killer cell. 
D) CD8 cell. 
E) helper T cell. 
A) plasma cell. 
B) cytotoxic T cell. 
C) natural killer cell. 
D) CD8 cell. 
E) helper T cell.

Question 12

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of B cells in the humoral immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) B cell internalizes antigen → helper T cell binds to class II MHC molecule-antigen complex → B cell proliferates and differentiates → activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines 
B) self-tolerance of immune cells → B cells contact antigen → cytokines released 
C) complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D) B cell internalizes antigen → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed→ activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines → B cell proliferates and differentiates 
E) natural killer cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis 
A) B cell internalizes antigen → helper T cell binds to class II MHC molecule-antigen complex → B cell proliferates and differentiates → activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines 
B) self-tolerance of immune cells → B cells contact antigen → cytokines released 
C) complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D) B cell internalizes antigen → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed→ activated helper T cell binds to B cell and releases cytokines → B cell proliferates and differentiates 
E) natural killer cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis

Question 13

Which of the following is crucial to activation of the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) memory cells 
B) presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) phagocytosis of antibody-antigen complex by macrophages in the blood (the humoral response) 
E) histamine release by mast cells 
A) memory cells 
B) presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface 
C) somatic hypermutation 
D) phagocytosis of antibody-antigen complex by macrophages in the blood (the humoral response) 
E) histamine release by mast cells

Question 14

Antihistamine treatment reduces

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessel dilation. 
B) phagocytosis of antigens. 
C) MHC presentation by macrophages. 
D) the secondary immune response. 
E) clonal selection by antigens. 
A) blood vessel dilation. 
B) phagocytosis of antigens. 
C) MHC presentation by macrophages. 
D) the secondary immune response. 
E) clonal selection by antigens.

Question 15

This type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is being fed by actively nursing on its mother and ends when nursing ends.

Accepted Answer

A) innate immunity 
B) active immunity 
C) passive immunity 
D) cell-mediated immunity 
E) adaptive immunity 
A) innate immunity 
B) active immunity 
C) passive immunity 
D) cell-mediated immunity 
E) adaptive immunity

Question 16

Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.The most inclusive set of symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such early human art is

Accepted Answer

A) heat, pain, and redness. 
B) pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue. 
C) swelling and pain. 
D) antibody-producing cells. 
E) swelling, heat, redness, and pain. 
A) heat, pain, and redness. 
B) pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue. 
C) swelling and pain. 
D) antibody-producing cells. 
E) swelling, heat, redness, and pain.

Question 17

Infection by Salmonella bacteria can be initiated when

Accepted Answer

A) the microbe survives the acidic environment of the stomach and resists lysosomal degradation in macrophages. 
B) the chemotactic messengers released by the microbe do not attract sufficient neutrophils to entirely destroy the infection. 
C) there is a delay in selection of the population of eosinophils that recognize and fight these microbes. 
D) the microbes release chemical messengers that make them resistant to phagocytosis. 
E) the combination of foods eaten at the meal reduces the pH of the stomach sufficiently so that ingested microbes are not destroyed. 
A) the microbe survives the acidic environment of the stomach and resists lysosomal degradation in macrophages. 
B) the chemotactic messengers released by the microbe do not attract sufficient neutrophils to entirely destroy the infection. 
C) there is a delay in selection of the population of eosinophils that recognize and fight these microbes. 
D) the microbes release chemical messengers that make them resistant to phagocytosis. 
E) the combination of foods eaten at the meal reduces the pH of the stomach sufficiently so that ingested microbes are not destroyed.

Question 18

B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when

Accepted Answer

A) B cells produce IgE antibodies. 
B) B cells release cytokines. 
C) helper T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface. 
D) helper T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. 
E) helper T cells release cytokines. 
A) B cells produce IgE antibodies. 
B) B cells release cytokines. 
C) helper T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface. 
D) helper T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. 
E) helper T cells release cytokines.

Question 19

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) enzyme activation of microbe-killing chemicals 
B) activation of natural killer cells 
C) phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D) production of antimicrobial peptides 
E) a protective exoskeleton 
A) enzyme activation of microbe-killing chemicals 
B) activation of natural killer cells 
C) phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D) production of antimicrobial peptides 
E) a protective exoskeleton

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV,the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis.The same student had already been infected when she was a child,at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck.This time,though infected,she does not get sick.
-Her immune system's recognition of the second infection involves the

Accepted Answer

A) helper T cells. 
B) memory B cells. 
C) plasma cells. 
D) cytotoxic T cells. 
E) natural killer cells. 
A) helper T cells. 
B) memory B cells. 
C) plasma cells. 
D) cytotoxic T cells. 
E) natural killer cells.

Exam 43: The Immune System

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Among the last line of defences against prolonged exposure to an extracellular pathogen is

Immunological memory accounts for

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Where do lymphocytes mature? I.spleen II.thymus III.bone marrow IV.lymph nodes

Histamines trigger dilation of nearby blood vessels as well as an increase in their permeability,producing

Use the following table to answer the questions below.Rh is a protein found on the surface of some people's red blood cells. -Study the table.Giving the mother anti-Rh antibodies before delivering her baby would be a wise precaution in

What can naturally acquired passive immunity result from?

The activation of helper T cells is likely

A cell type that interacts with both the humoral and cell-mediated immune pathways is a

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of B cells in the humoral immune response.

Which of the following is crucial to activation of the adaptive immune response?

Antihistamine treatment reduces

This type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is being fed by actively nursing on its mother and ends when nursing ends.

Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.The most inclusive set of symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such early human art is

Infection by Salmonella bacteria can be initiated when

B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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