Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the how memories are stored and learning takes place?

Accepted Answer

A) Memory and learning is related to changes in the degree of myelination of axons. 
B) Memory and learning results in an increase in the diameter of axons. 
C) Memory and learning results in a shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration in neurons. 
D) Memory and learning involves two types of glutamate receptors. 
E) Memory and learning involves stronger action potentials. 
A) Memory and learning is related to changes in the degree of myelination of axons. 
B) Memory and learning results in an increase in the diameter of axons. 
C) Memory and learning results in a shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration in neurons. 
D) Memory and learning involves two types of glutamate receptors. 
E) Memory and learning involves stronger action potentials. D

Question 2

Preparation for the fight-or-flight response includes activation of the ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic 
B) somatic 
C) central 
D) visceral 
E) parasympathetic 
A) sympathetic 
B) somatic 
C) central 
D) visceral 
E) parasympathetic A

Question 3

The system that modulates excitation and inhibition of smooth and cardiac muscles of the digestive,cardiovascular,and excretory systems is the

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system. 
B) peripheral nervous system. 
C) autonomic nervous system. 
D) parasympathetic nervous system. 
E) sympathetic nervous system. 
A) central nervous system. 
B) peripheral nervous system. 
C) autonomic nervous system. 
D) parasympathetic nervous system. 
E) sympathetic nervous system. C

Question 4

The activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) resting and digesting. 
B) release of epinephrine into the blood. 
C) increased metabolic rate. 
D) fight-or-flight responses. 
E) intensive aerobic exercise. 
A) resting and digesting. 
B) release of epinephrine into the blood. 
C) increased metabolic rate. 
D) fight-or-flight responses. 
E) intensive aerobic exercise.

Question 5

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because

Accepted Answer

A) they cease breathing while sleeping and remain underwater. 
B) they sleep for only 30 minutes at a time, which is the maximum interval they can cease breathing. 
C) they fill their swim bladder with air to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water while they sleep. 
D) they move to shallow water to sleep, so they do not need to swim to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water. 
E) they alternate which half of their brains is asleep and which half is awake. 
A) they cease breathing while sleeping and remain underwater. 
B) they sleep for only 30 minutes at a time, which is the maximum interval they can cease breathing. 
C) they fill their swim bladder with air to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water while they sleep. 
D) they move to shallow water to sleep, so they do not need to swim to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water. 
E) they alternate which half of their brains is asleep and which half is awake.

Question 6

Cephalization,the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal,is apparent in

Accepted Answer

A) Hydra. 
B) cnidarians. 
C) Planaria. 
D) sea stars. 
E) invertebrate animals with radial symmetry. 
A) Hydra. 
B) cnidarians. 
C) Planaria. 
D) sea stars. 
E) invertebrate animals with radial symmetry.

Question 7

Which of the following structures are correctly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) forebrain and medulla oblongata 
B) forebrain and cerebellum 
C) midbrain and cerebrum 
D) hindbrain and cerebellum 
E) brainstem and anterior pituitary gland 
A) forebrain and medulla oblongata 
B) forebrain and cerebellum 
C) midbrain and cerebrum 
D) hindbrain and cerebellum 
E) brainstem and anterior pituitary gland

Question 8

Our understanding of mental illness has been most advanced by discoveries involving

Accepted Answer

A) the degree of convolutions in the brain's surface. 
B) the evolution of the telencephalon. 
C) the sequence of developmental specialization. 
D) the chemicals involved in brain communications. 
E) the nature of the blood-brain barrier. 
A) the degree of convolutions in the brain's surface. 
B) the evolution of the telencephalon. 
C) the sequence of developmental specialization. 
D) the chemicals involved in brain communications. 
E) the nature of the blood-brain barrier.

Question 9

Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system leads to

Accepted Answer

A) decreased heart rate. 
B) increased secretion by the pancreas. 
C) increased secretion by the gallbladder. 
D) increased contraction of the stomach. 
E) relaxation of the airways in the lungs. 
A) decreased heart rate. 
B) increased secretion by the pancreas. 
C) increased secretion by the gallbladder. 
D) increased contraction of the stomach. 
E) relaxation of the airways in the lungs.

Question 10

The endogenous nature of biological rhythms is based on the observations that animals isolated from light and dark cues

Accepted Answer

A) continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours' duration. 
B) continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours' duration; some more rapid, some slower. 
C) synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them. 
D) cease having any rhythms. 
E) are independent of any genetic determinants. 
A) continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours' duration. 
B) continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours' duration; some more rapid, some slower. 
C) synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them. 
D) cease having any rhythms. 
E) are independent of any genetic determinants.

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the brain reward system?

Accepted Answer

A) The brain reward system represents an emergent brain property that has arisen independent of natural selection. 
B) The brain reward system is a reflex of the peripheral nervous primarily under autonomic control. 
C) The brain reward system is housed in the thalamus and primarily regulates the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system. 
D) The brain reward system utilizes the neurotransmitter dopamine and is affected by drug addiction. 
E) The brain reward system results in the death of neurons during addiction. 
A) The brain reward system represents an emergent brain property that has arisen independent of natural selection. 
B) The brain reward system is a reflex of the peripheral nervous primarily under autonomic control. 
C) The brain reward system is housed in the thalamus and primarily regulates the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system. 
D) The brain reward system utilizes the neurotransmitter dopamine and is affected by drug addiction. 
E) The brain reward system results in the death of neurons during addiction.

Question 12

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions.
  
-In the figure,which letter points to the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 13

After suffering a stroke,a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision.When asked to describe these objects,he has difficulty judging their size and distance.What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Accepted Answer

A) the left frontal lobe 
B) the right frontal lobe 
C) the left parietal lobe 
D) the right parietal lobe 
E) the corpus callosum 
A) the left frontal lobe 
B) the right frontal lobe 
C) the left parietal lobe 
D) the right parietal lobe 
E) the corpus callosum

Question 14

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 15

In mammals,advanced cognition is usually correlated with a large and very convoluted neocortex,but birds are capable of sophisticated cognition because they have

Accepted Answer

A) a more advanced cerebellum. 
B) a cerebellum with several flat layers. 
C) a pallium with neurons clustered into nuclei. 
D) microvilli to increase the brain's surface area. 
E) a large hindbrain 
A) a more advanced cerebellum. 
B) a cerebellum with several flat layers. 
C) a pallium with neurons clustered into nuclei. 
D) microvilli to increase the brain's surface area. 
E) a large hindbrain

Question 16

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
While deployed to Afghanistan,a soldier steps on a landmine and loses the lower portion of his right leg and also sustains a substantial brain injury.In time,doctors observe that the soldier is not acquiring new long-term memories since the explosion occurred; however,his recollection of times previous to the explosion is impeccable.Sometimes the soldier can feel a tingling sensation in his missing limb.
-Over time,the soldier's phantom limb syndrome subsides and he rarely "feels" his missing limb.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) neural plasticity. 
B) somatosensory regeneration. 
C) autonomic arousal. 
D) reticular formation. 
E) sympathetic response. 
A) neural plasticity. 
B) somatosensory regeneration. 
C) autonomic arousal. 
D) reticular formation. 
E) sympathetic response.

Question 17

If an individual did not possess the NMDA or AMPA receptors,this would inhibit

Accepted Answer

A) dreaming during sleep. 
B) short-term memory. 
C) long-term potentiation. 
D) motor capacity. 
E) short-term potentiation. 
A) dreaming during sleep. 
B) short-term memory. 
C) long-term potentiation. 
D) motor capacity. 
E) short-term potentiation.

Question 18

Central coordination of vertebrate biological rhythms in physiology and behaviour reside in the

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary gland. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) cerebrum. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) thalamus. 
A) pituitary gland. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) cerebrum. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) thalamus.

Question 19

The blood-brain barrier

Accepted Answer

A) is formed by tight junctions. 
B) is formed by oligodendrocytes. 
C) tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS. 
D) uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord. 
E) provides support to the brain tissue. 
A) is formed by tight junctions. 
B) is formed by oligodendrocytes. 
C) tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS. 
D) uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord. 
E) provides support to the brain tissue.

Question 20

Myelinated neurons are especially abundant in the

Accepted Answer

A) grey matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord. 
B) white matter of the brain and the grey matter of the spinal cord. 
C) grey matter of the brain and the grey matter of the spinal cord. 
D) white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord. 
E) all areas of the brain and spinal cord. 
A) grey matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord. 
B) white matter of the brain and the grey matter of the spinal cord. 
C) grey matter of the brain and the grey matter of the spinal cord. 
D) white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord. 
E) all areas of the brain and spinal cord.

Exam 49: Nervous Systems

Which of the following correctly describes the how memories are stored and learning takes place?

Preparation for the fight-or-flight response includes activation of the ________ nervous system.

The system that modulates excitation and inhibition of smooth and cardiac muscles of the digestive,cardiovascular,and excretory systems is the

The activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is associated with

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because

Cephalization,the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal,is apparent in

Which of the following structures are correctly paired?

Our understanding of mental illness has been most advanced by discoveries involving

Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system leads to

The endogenous nature of biological rhythms is based on the observations that animals isolated from light and dark cues

Which of the following correctly describes the brain reward system?

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions. -In the figure,which letter points to the hypothalamus?

After suffering a stroke,a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision.When asked to describe these objects,he has difficulty judging their size and distance.What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

In mammals,advanced cognition is usually correlated with a large and very convoluted neocortex,but birds are capable of sophisticated cognition because they have

If an individual did not possess the NMDA or AMPA receptors,this would inhibit

Central coordination of vertebrate biological rhythms in physiology and behaviour reside in the

The blood-brain barrier

Myelinated neurons are especially abundant in the

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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