Question 1

Plant roots can enhance the availability of mineral nutrients for uptake by

Accepted Answer

A) increased respiration. 
B) increased photosynthesis. 
C) release of chelating agents. 
D) growing faster. 
E) acidifying the soil. 
A) increased respiration. 
B) increased photosynthesis. 
C) release of chelating agents. 
D) growing faster. 
E) acidifying the soil. A

Question 2

A woodlot was sprayed with a fungicide.What would be the most serious effect of such spraying?

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in food for animals that eat mushrooms 
B) an increase in rates of wood decay 
C) a decrease in tree growth due to the death of mycorrhizae 
D) an increase in the number of decomposing bacteria 
E) a decrease in food for animals that eat mushrooms, and an increase in rates of wood decay 
A) a decrease in food for animals that eat mushrooms 
B) an increase in rates of wood decay 
C) a decrease in tree growth due to the death of mycorrhizae 
D) an increase in the number of decomposing bacteria 
E) a decrease in food for animals that eat mushrooms, and an increase in rates of wood decay C

Question 3

A soil well suited for the growth of most plants would have all of the following properties except

Accepted Answer

A) abundant humus. 
B) air spaces. 
C) good drainage. 
D) high cation exchange capacity. 
E) a high pH. 
A) abundant humus. 
B) air spaces. 
C) good drainage. 
D) high cation exchange capacity. 
E) a high pH. E

Question 4

The bulk of a plant's dry weight is derived from

Accepted Answer

A) soil minerals. 
B) CO₂. 
C) the hydrogen from H₂O. 
D) the oxygen from H₂O. 
E) the uptake of organic nutrients from the soil. 
A) soil minerals. 
B) CO₂. 
C) the hydrogen from H₂O. 
D) the oxygen from H₂O. 
E) the uptake of organic nutrients from the soil.

Question 5

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants.You notice swellings (root nodules)on the roots and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged.Most likely your pea plants

Accepted Answer

A) suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B) are infected with a parasite. 
C) are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D) are developing offshoots from the root. 
E) contain developing insect pupa. 
A) suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B) are infected with a parasite. 
C) are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D) are developing offshoots from the root. 
E) contain developing insect pupa.

Question 6

Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of the stomatal aperture?

Accepted Answer

A) Fe 
B) Bo 
C) Mg 
D) H 
E) K 
A) Fe 
B) Bo 
C) Mg 
D) H 
E) K

Question 7

Most of the dry mass of a plant is the result of uptake of

Accepted Answer

A) water and minerals through root hairs. 
B) water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C) carbon dioxide through stoma. 
D) carbon dioxide and oxygen through stomata in leaves. 
A) water and minerals through root hairs. 
B) water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C) carbon dioxide through stoma. 
D) carbon dioxide and oxygen through stomata in leaves.

Question 8

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on

Accepted Answer

A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus. 
B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host. 
C) each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume. 
D) specific recognition between the chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species. 
E) destruction of all incompatible Rhizobium strains by enzymes secreted from the legume's roots. 
A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus. 
B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host. 
C) each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume. 
D) specific recognition between the chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species. 
E) destruction of all incompatible Rhizobium strains by enzymes secreted from the legume's roots.

Question 9

What are epiphytes?

Accepted Answer

A) aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B) haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C) plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D) plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E) plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi 
A) aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B) haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C) plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D) plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E) plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi

Question 10

Which of the following,if used as a fertilizer,would be most immediately available for plant uptake?

Accepted Answer

A) NH₃ 
B) N₂ 
C) CN₂H₂ 
D) NO₃ 
E) amino acids 
A) NH₃ 
B) N₂ 
C) CN₂H₂ 
D) NO₃ 
E) amino acids

Question 11

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Accepted Answer

A) water and minerals through root hairs. 
B) water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C) CO₂ through stoma. 
D) CO₂ and O₂ through stomata in leaves. 
E) carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex. 
A) water and minerals through root hairs. 
B) water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C) CO₂ through stoma. 
D) CO₂ and O₂ through stomata in leaves. 
E) carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex.

Question 12

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

Accepted Answer

A) zinc 
B) nitrogen 
C) phosphorus 
D) potassium 
E) calcium 
A) zinc 
B) nitrogen 
C) phosphorus 
D) potassium 
E) calcium

Question 13

Dwarf mistletoe grows on many pine trees in the Rockies.Although the mistletoe is green,it is probably not sufficiently active in photosynthesis to produce all the sugar it needs.The mistletoe also produces haustoria.Thus,dwarf mistletoe growing on pine trees is best classified as

Accepted Answer

A) an epiphyte. 
B) a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C) a carnivorous plant. 
D) a symbiotic plant. 
E) a parasite. 
A) an epiphyte. 
B) a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C) a carnivorous plant. 
D) a symbiotic plant. 
E) a parasite.

Question 14

Which of the following habitats would most likely have a high proportion of species of plants that are in symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) anoxic soils such as fens and bogs 
B) nutrient-limiting soils such as wet tropical rain forests 
C) loamy soils such as temperate forests 
D) agriculturally productive regions that have gone fallow 
E) alpine coniferous forests 
A) anoxic soils such as fens and bogs 
B) nutrient-limiting soils such as wet tropical rain forests 
C) loamy soils such as temperate forests 
D) agriculturally productive regions that have gone fallow 
E) alpine coniferous forests

Question 15

Looking at the data in the above figure,and recalling what you learned about the composition of soils,you come to the conclusion that the best type of soil for plant growth would be

Accepted Answer

A) finely weathered rock particles and sand. 
B) sand. 
C) loam. 
D) clay. 
E) C horizon. 
A) finely weathered rock particles and sand. 
B) sand. 
C) loam. 
D) clay. 
E) C horizon.

Question 16

A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if

Accepted Answer

A) the mineral is a micronutrient. 
B) the mineral is very mobile within the plant. 
C) the mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis. 
D) the mineral is a macronutrient. 
E) the older leaves are in direct sunlight. 
A) the mineral is a micronutrient. 
B) the mineral is very mobile within the plant. 
C) the mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis. 
D) the mineral is a macronutrient. 
E) the older leaves are in direct sunlight.

Question 17

In the 1640s,Jan Baptista van Helmont planted a small willow in a pot that contained 90.9 kg of soil.After five years,the plant weighed 76.8 kg,but only 0.06 kg of soil had disappeared from the pot.What did van Helmont conclude from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) 80-90% of the tree's mass is the result of C₃ photosynthesis. 
B) The increase in the mass of the tree was from the water that he added over the five years. 
C) Most of the increase in the mass of the tree was due to the uptake of CO₂. 
D) Soil simply provides physical support for the tree without providing any nutrients. 
E) The 0.06 kg of soil was mainly nitrogen. 
A) 80-90% of the tree's mass is the result of C₃ photosynthesis. 
B) The increase in the mass of the tree was from the water that he added over the five years. 
C) Most of the increase in the mass of the tree was due to the uptake of CO₂. 
D) Soil simply provides physical support for the tree without providing any nutrients. 
E) The 0.06 kg of soil was mainly nitrogen.

Question 18

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth.
  
-The best conclusion drawn from the data in the above figure is that the plant

Accepted Answer

A) grows best without air in the soil. 
B) grows fastest in 5-10% air. 
C) grows best at soil air levels above 15%. 
D) does not respond differently to different levels of air in the soil. 
E) would grow to 24 grams in 40% soil air. 
A) grows best without air in the soil. 
B) grows fastest in 5-10% air. 
C) grows best at soil air levels above 15%. 
D) does not respond differently to different levels of air in the soil. 
E) would grow to 24 grams in 40% soil air.

Question 19

Which of the following is of least concern to a researcher in a mineral nutrition experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) purity of the chemicals used to make the nutrient solutions 
B) purity of the water used to make the nutrient solutions 
C) chemical inertness of the container used to make and store the nutrient solutions 
D) ability of a laboratory balance to weigh very small quantities of chemicals 
E) medium in which the test seedlings were grown 
A) purity of the chemicals used to make the nutrient solutions 
B) purity of the water used to make the nutrient solutions 
C) chemical inertness of the container used to make and store the nutrient solutions 
D) ability of a laboratory balance to weigh very small quantities of chemicals 
E) medium in which the test seedlings were grown

Question 20

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria,what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Accepted Answer

A) It gets chlorosis. 
B) It dies. 
C) It is supplied with increased essential elements from the soil. 
D) It will likely grow faster. 
E) It becomes flaccid due to the loss of water and nutrients from the roots. 
A) It gets chlorosis. 
B) It dies. 
C) It is supplied with increased essential elements from the soil. 
D) It will likely grow faster. 
E) It becomes flaccid due to the loss of water and nutrients from the roots.

Exam 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Plant roots can enhance the availability of mineral nutrients for uptake by

A woodlot was sprayed with a fungicide.What would be the most serious effect of such spraying?

A soil well suited for the growth of most plants would have all of the following properties except

The bulk of a plant's dry weight is derived from

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants.You notice swellings (root nodules)on the roots and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged.Most likely your pea plants

Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of the stomatal aperture?

Most of the dry mass of a plant is the result of uptake of

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on

What are epiphytes?

Which of the following,if used as a fertilizer,would be most immediately available for plant uptake?

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

Dwarf mistletoe grows on many pine trees in the Rockies.Although the mistletoe is green,it is probably not sufficiently active in photosynthesis to produce all the sugar it needs.The mistletoe also produces haustoria.Thus,dwarf mistletoe growing on pine trees is best classified as

Which of the following habitats would most likely have a high proportion of species of plants that are in symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Looking at the data in the above figure,and recalling what you learned about the composition of soils,you come to the conclusion that the best type of soil for plant growth would be

A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if

In the 1640s,Jan Baptista van Helmont planted a small willow in a pot that contained 90.9 kg of soil.After five years,the plant weighed 76.8 kg,but only 0.06 kg of soil had disappeared from the pot.What did van Helmont conclude from this experiment?

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth. -The best conclusion drawn from the data in the above figure is that the plant

Which of the following is of least concern to a researcher in a mineral nutrition experiment?

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria,what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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