Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes biofuels?

Accepted Answer

A) Biofuels must be mixed with traditional fossil fuels, and then may be used to power vehicles. 
B) It is preferable to create biofuels from crops. 
C) Biofuels may be created from for example algae or corn. 
D) If consumers were willing, there is sufficient biodiesel to replace conventional fossil fuel. 
E) Biodiesel is created from starch through the use of microorganisms. 
A) Biofuels must be mixed with traditional fossil fuels, and then may be used to power vehicles. 
B) It is preferable to create biofuels from crops. 
C) Biofuels may be created from for example algae or corn. 
D) If consumers were willing, there is sufficient biodiesel to replace conventional fossil fuel. 
E) Biodiesel is created from starch through the use of microorganisms. C

Question 2

In a plant leaf,the reactions that produce NADH occur in

Accepted Answer

A) the light reactions alone. 
B) the Calvin cycle alone. 
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E) the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. 
A) the light reactions alone. 
B) the Calvin cycle alone. 
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E) the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. D

Question 3

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Theodor W.Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism,thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light.He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated.He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism,what would you predict?

Accepted Answer

A) There would be no difference in results. 
B) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. 
C) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
D) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
E) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. 
A) There would be no difference in results. 
B) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. 
C) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
D) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
E) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. B

Question 4

As a research scientist,you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour.You find 30 000 molecules of ATP consumed,but only 20 000 molecules of NADPH.Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?

Accepted Answer

A) photosystem II 
B) photosystem I 
C) cyclic electron flow 
D) linear electron flow 
E) chlorophyll 
A) photosystem II 
B) photosystem I 
C) cyclic electron flow 
D) linear electron flow 
E) chlorophyll

Question 5

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B) This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths. 
C) They enable the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength. 
D) They enable the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level. 
E) This helps the plant function if some of the pigments become structurally damaged. 
A) Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B) This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths. 
C) They enable the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength. 
D) They enable the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level. 
E) This helps the plant function if some of the pigments become structurally damaged.

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system.Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide.
-Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis,an artificial light source will be needed.What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

A) full-spectrum white light 
B) green light 
C) a mixture of blue and red light 
D) yellow light 
E) UV light 
A) full-spectrum white light 
B) green light 
C) a mixture of blue and red light 
D) yellow light 
E) UV light

Question 7

What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed. 
B) A carboxylation reaction of the Calvin cycle occurs. 
C) Electrons are stripped from NADPH. 
D) An electron is excited. 
E) A proton is sent to the thylakoid space. 
A) ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed. 
B) A carboxylation reaction of the Calvin cycle occurs. 
C) Electrons are stripped from NADPH. 
D) An electron is excited. 
E) A proton is sent to the thylakoid space.

Question 8

P680⁺ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B) It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq)of the electron transfer system. 
C) It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH. 
D) This molecule has a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen, to obtain electrons from water. 
E) It has a positive charge. 
A) It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B) It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq)of the electron transfer system. 
C) It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH. 
D) This molecule has a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen, to obtain electrons from water. 
E) It has a positive charge.

Question 9

When do plants respire?

Accepted Answer

A) in the dark only. 
B) in the light only. 
C) both in light and dark. 
D) never-they get their ATP from photophosphorylation. 
E) only when excessive light energy induces photorespiration. 
A) in the dark only. 
B) in the light only. 
C) both in light and dark. 
D) never-they get their ATP from photophosphorylation. 
E) only when excessive light energy induces photorespiration.

Question 10

Use the following figure and the compounds labelled A,B,C,D,and E to answer the following questions.
  
-If ATP used by this plant is labelled with radioactive phosphorus,which molecule or molecules of the Calvin cycle will be radioactively labelled first?

Accepted Answer

A) B only 
B) B and C only 
C) B, C, and D only 
D) B and E only 
E) B, C, D, and E 
A) B only 
B) B and C only 
C) B, C, and D only 
D) B and E only 
E) B, C, D, and E

Question 11

The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration. 
A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration.

Question 12

Why do the leaves of deciduous trees change color in the fall?

Accepted Answer

A) Chlorophyll is degraded, while carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves. 
B) The degraded chlorophyll changes into many other colors. 
C) Because the water supply to the leaves has been reduced. 
D) Because sugars are sent away from the leaves. 
E) Because the leaves produce greater amounts of carotenoids which reflect the orange light. 
A) Chlorophyll is degraded, while carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves. 
B) The degraded chlorophyll changes into many other colors. 
C) Because the water supply to the leaves has been reduced. 
D) Because sugars are sent away from the leaves. 
E) Because the leaves produce greater amounts of carotenoids which reflect the orange light.

Question 13

Where are the molecules of the photosynthetic electron transport chain found in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts 
B) stroma of chloroplasts 
C) outer membrane of mitochondria 
D) matrix of mitochondria 
E) cytoplasm 
A) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts 
B) stroma of chloroplasts 
C) outer membrane of mitochondria 
D) matrix of mitochondria 
E) cytoplasm

Question 14

The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O)take place in

Accepted Answer

A) the light reactions alone. 
B) the Calvin cycle alone. 
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E) the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. 
A) the light reactions alone. 
B) the Calvin cycle alone. 
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E) the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis.

Question 15

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime,thus reducing loss of water.They can do this because they

Accepted Answer

A) fix CO₂ into organic acids during the night. 
B) fix CO₂ into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells. 
C) fix CO₂ into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells. 
D) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO₂. 
E) use photosystem I and photosystem II at night. 
A) fix CO₂ into organic acids during the night. 
B) fix CO₂ into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells. 
C) fix CO₂ into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells. 
D) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO₂. 
E) use photosystem I and photosystem II at night.

Question 16

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Accepted Answer

A) creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane 
B) carbon fixation in the stroma 
C) reduction of NADP⁺ molecules 
D) removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
E) ATP synthesis 
A) creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane 
B) carbon fixation in the stroma 
C) reduction of NADP⁺ molecules 
D) removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
E) ATP synthesis

Question 17

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide molecules. 
B) 3-phosphoglycerate molecules. 
C) ATP molecules. 
D) ribulose bisphosphate molecules. 
E) RuBP carboxylase molecules. 
A) carbon dioxide molecules. 
B) 3-phosphoglycerate molecules. 
C) ATP molecules. 
D) ribulose bisphosphate molecules. 
E) RuBP carboxylase molecules.

Question 18

Where did the process of photosynthesis probably originate?

Accepted Answer

A) plants 
B) prokaryotes 
C) fungi 
D) three separate times during evolution 
E) protists 
A) plants 
B) prokaryotes 
C) fungi 
D) three separate times during evolution 
E) protists

Question 19

Reduction of NADP⁺ occurs during

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration. 
A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration.

Question 20

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured,as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell.Which,if any,relationship would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A) The pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma. 
B) The pH of the stroma is lower than that of the other two measurements. 
C) The pH of the stroma is higher than that of the thylakoid space but lower than that of the cytosol. 
D) The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that anywhere else in the cell. 
E) There is no consistent relationship. 
A) The pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma. 
B) The pH of the stroma is lower than that of the other two measurements. 
C) The pH of the stroma is higher than that of the thylakoid space but lower than that of the cytosol. 
D) The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that anywhere else in the cell. 
E) There is no consistent relationship.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

Which of the following correctly describes biofuels?

In a plant leaf,the reactions that produce NADH occur in

As a research scientist,you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour.You find 30 000 molecules of ATP consumed,but only 20 000 molecules of NADPH.Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?

P680⁺ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent.Why?

When do plants respire?

Use the following figure and the compounds labelled A,B,C,D,and E to answer the following questions. -If ATP used by this plant is labelled with radioactive phosphorus,which molecule or molecules of the Calvin cycle will be radioactively labelled first?

The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during

Why do the leaves of deciduous trees change color in the fall?

Where are the molecules of the photosynthetic electron transport chain found in plant cells?

The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O)take place in

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime,thus reducing loss of water.They can do this because they

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by

Where did the process of photosynthesis probably originate?

Reduction of NADP⁺ occurs during

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured,as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell.Which,if any,relationship would you expect to find?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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