Question 1

In mechanism,photophosphorylation is most similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis 
B) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration 
C) the Calvin cycle 
D) carbon fixation 
E) reduction of NADP⁺ 
A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis 
B) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration 
C) the Calvin cycle 
D) carbon fixation 
E) reduction of NADP⁺

Question 2

The electrons of photosystem II are excited and transferred to electron carriers.From which molecule or structure do the photosystem II replacement electrons come?

Accepted Answer

A) the electron carrier, plastocyanin 
B) photosystem I 
C) water 
D) oxygen 
E) carbon dioxide 
A) the electron carrier, plastocyanin 
B) photosystem I 
C) water 
D) oxygen 
E) carbon dioxide

Question 3

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A) stroma of the chloroplast 
B) thylakoid membranes 
C) matrix of the mitochondria 
D) cytosol around the chloroplast 
E) thylakoid space 
A) stroma of the chloroplast 
B) thylakoid membranes 
C) matrix of the mitochondria 
D) cytosol around the chloroplast 
E) thylakoid space

Question 4

You have isolated pigments from an unknown plant and are studying their spectral absorption.You irradiate them with a specific wavelength,yet you see no fluorescence.What is the likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) You didn't use the correct wavelength to excite the pigment. 
B) They have lost their electron. 
C) They are being photoprotected by other pigments. 
D) They are experiencing photorespiration. 
E) They have passed the photons absorbed to another pigment. 
A) You didn't use the correct wavelength to excite the pigment. 
B) They have lost their electron. 
C) They are being photoprotected by other pigments. 
D) They are experiencing photorespiration. 
E) They have passed the photons absorbed to another pigment.

Question 5

If the process of photosynthesis had never evolved on Earth,this planet would

Accepted Answer

A) only contain anaerobic organisms. 
B) have no land and be primarily ocean. 
C) have no water and be dry land. 
D) be very similar to the way it is today. 
E) have no oxygen and thus no life. 
A) only contain anaerobic organisms. 
B) have no land and be primarily ocean. 
C) have no water and be dry land. 
D) be very similar to the way it is today. 
E) have no oxygen and thus no life.

Question 6

Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

A) Light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. 
B) Photons are passed along to a reaction-centre chlorophyll. 
C) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADP⁺, which is thus converted to NADPH. 
D) The electron vacancies in P680⁺ are filled by electrons derived from water. 
E) The splitting of water yields molecular carbon dioxide as a by-product. 
A) Light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. 
B) Photons are passed along to a reaction-centre chlorophyll. 
C) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADP⁺, which is thus converted to NADPH. 
D) The electron vacancies in P680⁺ are filled by electrons derived from water. 
E) The splitting of water yields molecular carbon dioxide as a by-product.

Question 7

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ synthesized with heavy oxygen (¹⁸O),later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the ¹⁸O label.That one is

Accepted Answer

A) 3-phosphoglycerate. 
B) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). 
C) glucose. 
D) ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). 
E) O₂. 
A) 3-phosphoglycerate. 
B) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). 
C) glucose. 
D) ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). 
E) O₂.

Question 8

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

Accepted Answer

A) establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane 
B) diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane 
C) reduction of water to produce ATP energy 
D) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma 
E) formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP 
A) establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane 
B) diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane 
C) reduction of water to produce ATP energy 
D) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma 
E) formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP

Question 9

In the thylakoid membranes,what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) split water and release oxygen to the reaction-centre chlorophyll 
B) harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-centre chlorophyll 
C) synthesize ATP from ADP and   ᵢ 
D) transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH 
E) concentrate photons within the stroma 
A) split water and release oxygen to the reaction-centre chlorophyll 
B) harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-centre chlorophyll 
C) synthesize ATP from ADP and   ᵢ 
D) transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH 
E) concentrate photons within the stroma

Question 10

In photosynthetic cells,synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis only. 
B) respiration only. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration only. 
A) photosynthesis only. 
B) respiration only. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration only.

Question 11

What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A) heat and fluorescence 
B) ATP and P700 
C) ATP and NADPH 
D) ADP and NADP 
E) P700 and P680 
A) heat and fluorescence 
B) ATP and P700 
C) ATP and NADPH 
D) ADP and NADP 
E) P700 and P680

Question 12

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) use ATP to release carbon dioxide 
B) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide 
C) split water and release oxygen 
D) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast 
E) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide 
A) use ATP to release carbon dioxide 
B) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide 
C) split water and release oxygen 
D) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast 
E) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the following statements is true concerning the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) It represents cell processes involved in C₄ photosynthesis. 
B) It represents the type of cell structures found in CAM plants. 
C) It represents an adaptation that maximizes photorespiration. 
D) It represents a C₃ photosynthetic system. 
E) It represents a relationship between plant cells that photosynthesize and those that cannot. 
A) It represents cell processes involved in C₄ photosynthesis. 
B) It represents the type of cell structures found in CAM plants. 
C) It represents an adaptation that maximizes photorespiration. 
D) It represents a C₃ photosynthetic system. 
E) It represents a relationship between plant cells that photosynthesize and those that cannot.

Question 14

Why are C₄ plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO₂. 
C) They are adapted to cold, wet climates. 
D) They conserve water more efficiently. 
E) They exclude oxygen from their tissues. 
A) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO₂. 
C) They are adapted to cold, wet climates. 
D) They conserve water more efficiently. 
E) They exclude oxygen from their tissues.

Question 15

Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution.What would be likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP. 
B) The Calvin cycle will be activated. 
C) Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D) The isolated chloroplasts will generate oxygen gas. 
E) The isolated chloroplasts will reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH. 
A) The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP. 
B) The Calvin cycle will be activated. 
C) Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D) The isolated chloroplasts will generate oxygen gas. 
E) The isolated chloroplasts will reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH.

Question 16

What function do carotenoids have in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B) They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C) They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D) They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. 
E) They take up and remove toxins from the ground water. 
A) They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B) They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C) They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D) They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. 
E) They take up and remove toxins from the ground water.

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) 420 mm 
B) 475 mm 
C) 575 mm 
D) 625 mm 
E) 730 mm 
A) 420 mm 
B) 475 mm 
C) 575 mm 
D) 625 mm 
E) 730 mm

Question 18

Which of the following does photorespiration do?

Accepted Answer

A) generates carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen 
B) generates ATP and sugars and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide 
C) generates oxygen and consumes ATP, carbon dioxide, and sugars 
D) consumes carbon dioxide and generates ATP, sugars, and oxygen 
E) consumes carbon dioxide and ATP 
A) generates carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen 
B) generates ATP and sugars and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide 
C) generates oxygen and consumes ATP, carbon dioxide, and sugars 
D) consumes carbon dioxide and generates ATP, sugars, and oxygen 
E) consumes carbon dioxide and ATP

Question 19

In autotrophic bacteria,where are the enzymes located that can carry on carbon fixation (reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate)?

Accepted Answer

A) in chloroplast membranes 
B) in chloroplast stroma 
C) in the cytosol 
D) in the nucleoid 
E) in the infolded plasma membrane 
A) in chloroplast membranes 
B) in chloroplast stroma 
C) in the cytosol 
D) in the nucleoid 
E) in the infolded plasma membrane

Question 20

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light,and seeks to shade her plants with coloured translucent plastic sheets.What colour should she use to reduce overall light energy,but still maximize plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A) green 
B) blue 
C) yellow 
D) orange 
E) Any colour will work equally well. 
A) green 
B) blue 
C) yellow 
D) orange 
E) Any colour will work equally well.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

In mechanism,photophosphorylation is most similar to which of the following?

The electrons of photosystem II are excited and transferred to electron carriers.From which molecule or structure do the photosystem II replacement electrons come?

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

You have isolated pigments from an unknown plant and are studying their spectral absorption.You irradiate them with a specific wavelength,yet you see no fluorescence.What is the likely explanation?

If the process of photosynthesis had never evolved on Earth,this planet would

Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ synthesized with heavy oxygen (¹⁸O),later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the ¹⁸O label.That one is

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

In the thylakoid membranes,what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?

In photosynthetic cells,synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the following statements is true concerning the figure above?

Why are C₄ plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution.What would be likely to happen?

What function do carotenoids have in plants?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

Which of the following does photorespiration do?

In autotrophic bacteria,where are the enzymes located that can carry on carbon fixation (reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate)?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters