Question 1

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Accepted Answer

A) the pituitary gland 
B) parathyroid glands 
C) salivary glands 
D) the pancreas 
E) adrenal glands 
A) the pituitary gland 
B) parathyroid glands 
C) salivary glands 
D) the pancreas 
E) adrenal glands D

Question 2

In response to stress,the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon. 
B) cortisol. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) ACTH. 
A) glucagon. 
B) cortisol. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) ACTH. B

Question 3

Growth factors are local regulators that

Accepted Answer

A) are produced by the anterior pituitary. 
B) are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth. 
C) are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division. 
D) bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells. 
E) convey messages between nerve cells. 
A) are produced by the anterior pituitary. 
B) are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth. 
C) are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division. 
D) bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells. 
E) convey messages between nerve cells. D

Question 4

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems. 
B) homeostasis achieved by positive feedback. 
C) how peptide-derived hormones have more widespread effects than steroid hormones. 
D) homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones. 
E) competitive inhibition of a hormone receptor. 
A) an interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems. 
B) homeostasis achieved by positive feedback. 
C) how peptide-derived hormones have more widespread effects than steroid hormones. 
D) homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones. 
E) competitive inhibition of a hormone receptor.

Question 5

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B) insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C) progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E) oxytocin and prolactin in milk production. 
A) thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B) insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C) progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E) oxytocin and prolactin in milk production.

Question 6

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

Accepted Answer

A) a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B) a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C) a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D) a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E) a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes. 
A) a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B) a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C) a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D) a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E) a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes.

Question 7

Where are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland made?

Accepted Answer

A) cerebellum 
B) thalamus 
C) hypothalamus 
D) medulla oblongata 
E) pituitary 
A) cerebellum 
B) thalamus 
C) hypothalamus 
D) medulla oblongata 
E) pituitary

Question 8

A cluster of tumor cells that produces and secretes growth factors to induce surrounding cells to grow and divide is showing which type of cell-to-cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

A) autocrine 
B) paracrine 
C) endocrine 
D) neuroendocrine 
E) exocrine 
A) autocrine 
B) paracrine 
C) endocrine 
D) neuroendocrine 
E) exocrine

Question 9

The amino acid tyrosine is a starting substrate for the synthesis of

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) steroid hormones. 
C) parathyroid hormone. 
D) vitamin D. 
E) acetylcholine. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) steroid hormones. 
C) parathyroid hormone. 
D) vitamin D. 
E) acetylcholine.

Question 10

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone),a reduction in plasma levels of calcium,can be opposed by

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) growth hormone. 
D) calcitonin. 
E) glucagon. 
A) thyroxine. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) growth hormone. 
D) calcitonin. 
E) glucagon.

Question 11

What would be the effect on blood glucose levels for individuals with type II diabetes under conditions of chronic stress that kept blood cortisol levels high?

Accepted Answer

A) There would be a greater increase in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
B) There would be less increase in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
C) There would be a greater decrease in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
D) There would be less decrease in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
E) There would be no noticeable difference since cortisol does not impact blood glucose levels. 
A) There would be a greater increase in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
B) There would be less increase in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
C) There would be a greater decrease in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
D) There would be less decrease in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes than in normal individuals. 
E) There would be no noticeable difference since cortisol does not impact blood glucose levels.

Question 12

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells,then

Accepted Answer

A) the steroid and peptide hormones must use the same biochemical mechanisms. 
B) the steroid and peptide hormones must bind to the same receptor protein. 
C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins, whereas peptide hormones activate effector proteins already present in the cell. 
D) the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. 
E) the steroid hormones affect only the release of proteins from the target cell, whereas peptide hormones affect only the synthesis of proteins that remain in the target cell. 
A) the steroid and peptide hormones must use the same biochemical mechanisms. 
B) the steroid and peptide hormones must bind to the same receptor protein. 
C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins, whereas peptide hormones activate effector proteins already present in the cell. 
D) the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. 
E) the steroid hormones affect only the release of proteins from the target cell, whereas peptide hormones affect only the synthesis of proteins that remain in the target cell.

Question 13

The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A) functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. 
B) functions only in neuronal transmission. 
C) does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D) secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) includes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary. 
A) functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. 
B) functions only in neuronal transmission. 
C) does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D) secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) includes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary.

Question 14

You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section.Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an endocrine gland.Which of the following would you then know is a true statement about this structure?

Accepted Answer

A) It secretes a product that is released through a series of ducts. 
B) The gland's product will only interact with receptors on the cell membrane. 
C) The gland's product is lipid soluble. 
D) The gland produces and secretes its product into the blood. 
E) The gland releases neurotransmitter. 
A) It secretes a product that is released through a series of ducts. 
B) The gland's product will only interact with receptors on the cell membrane. 
C) The gland's product is lipid soluble. 
D) The gland produces and secretes its product into the blood. 
E) The gland releases neurotransmitter.

Question 15

Insect hormones and their receptors

Accepted Answer

A) act independently of each other. 
B) are a focus in pest-control research. 
C) utilize cell-surface receptors only. 
D) are active independently of environmental cues. 
E) are not relevant to the study of steroid hormones. 
A) act independently of each other. 
B) are a focus in pest-control research. 
C) utilize cell-surface receptors only. 
D) are active independently of environmental cues. 
E) are not relevant to the study of steroid hormones.

Question 16

To prevent insect pests from maturing into reproducing adults,pest controllers use synthetic agonists of

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) juvenile hormone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) brain hormone. 
E) prothoracic hormone. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) juvenile hormone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) brain hormone. 
E) prothoracic hormone.

Question 17

What is the anticipated effect of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) increase in glucocorticoid production 
B) increase in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
C) decrease in cortisol release 
D) decrease in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
E) increase in epinephrine 
A) increase in glucocorticoid production 
B) increase in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
C) decrease in cortisol release 
D) decrease in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
E) increase in epinephrine

Question 18

All of the following statements about diabetes mellitus are true except

Accepted Answer

A) type I is insulin-dependent. 
B) type II can be managed with regular exercise and a healthy diet. 
C) glucose is present in the urine. 
D) insulin can be extracted from genetically engineered fungi. 
E) type II is non-insulin-dependent. 
A) type I is insulin-dependent. 
B) type II can be managed with regular exercise and a healthy diet. 
C) glucose is present in the urine. 
D) insulin can be extracted from genetically engineered fungi. 
E) type II is non-insulin-dependent.

Question 19

When a person drinks alcohol,the rate of urination increases.This suggests that antidiuretic hormone (ADH)may be affected by alcohol consumption in some way.Which of the following best accounts for the increase in urination?

Accepted Answer

A) Alcohol stimulates the release of ADH. 
B) Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. 
C) Alcohol inhibits the binding of ADH to receptors in the nephron. 
D) Alcohol could inhibit ADH release or the binding of ADH to receptors in the nephron. 
E) Alcohol prolongs the interaction between ADH and vasopressin. 
A) Alcohol stimulates the release of ADH. 
B) Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. 
C) Alcohol inhibits the binding of ADH to receptors in the nephron. 
D) Alcohol could inhibit ADH release or the binding of ADH to receptors in the nephron. 
E) Alcohol prolongs the interaction between ADH and vasopressin.

Question 20

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Accepted Answer

A) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B) the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C) the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E) the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration. 
A) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B) the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C) the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E) the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

In response to stress,the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone

Growth factors are local regulators that

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

Where are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland made?

A cluster of tumor cells that produces and secretes growth factors to induce surrounding cells to grow and divide is showing which type of cell-to-cell signaling?

The amino acid tyrosine is a starting substrate for the synthesis of

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone),a reduction in plasma levels of calcium,can be opposed by

What would be the effect on blood glucose levels for individuals with type II diabetes under conditions of chronic stress that kept blood cortisol levels high?

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells,then

The hypothalamus

You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section.Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an endocrine gland.Which of the following would you then know is a true statement about this structure?

Insect hormones and their receptors

To prevent insect pests from maturing into reproducing adults,pest controllers use synthetic agonists of

What is the anticipated effect of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)synthesis?

All of the following statements about diabetes mellitus are true except

When a person drinks alcohol,the rate of urination increases.This suggests that antidiuretic hormone (ADH)may be affected by alcohol consumption in some way.Which of the following best accounts for the increase in urination?

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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