Question 1

All hormones

Accepted Answer

A) are produced by endocrine glands. 
B) are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C) are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D) are protein molecules. 
E) elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells. 
A) are produced by endocrine glands. 
B) are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C) are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D) are protein molecules. 
E) elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells.

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Your niece is playing in the backyard and finds a beautiful moth.Being interested in insects,you perform research to find out what kind of moth it is.You determine that it is a luna moth (Actias luna).Similar to other moths,the luna moth moults several times throughout development and ultimately metamorphoses into a mouthless adult.The adult will live for approximately one week with the sole purpose of mating.
-The hormone responsible for inducing moulting in the developing moth is

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) thyroid hormone. 
C) juvenile hormone. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) thyroxine 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) thyroid hormone. 
C) juvenile hormone. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) thyroxine

Question 3

Steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common

Accepted Answer

A) the building blocks from which they are synthesized. 
B) their solubility in cell membranes. 
C) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream. 
D) the location of their receptors. 
E) their reliance on signal transduction in the cell. 
A) the building blocks from which they are synthesized. 
B) their solubility in cell membranes. 
C) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream. 
D) the location of their receptors. 
E) their reliance on signal transduction in the cell.

Question 4

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time,he or she may die from dehydration.ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

Accepted Answer

A) anterior pituitary. 
B) posterior pituitary. 
C) adrenal gland. 
D) bladder. 
E) kidney. 
A) anterior pituitary. 
B) posterior pituitary. 
C) adrenal gland. 
D) bladder. 
E) kidney.

Question 5

DES is called an "endocrine disrupting chemical" because it structurally resembles,and interferes with,the endocrine secretions of the

Accepted Answer

A) pancreatic islet cells. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) adrenal medulla. 
D) ovaries. 
E) hypothalamus. 
A) pancreatic islet cells. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) adrenal medulla. 
D) ovaries. 
E) hypothalamus.

Question 6

When the beta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood

Accepted Answer

A) the blood glucose levels rise to a set point and stimulate glucagon release. 
B) the skeletal muscles and the adipose cells take up glucose at a faster rate. 
C) the liver catabolizes glycogen. 
D) the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucose into the blood. 
E) the kidneys begin gluconeogenesis. 
A) the blood glucose levels rise to a set point and stimulate glucagon release. 
B) the skeletal muscles and the adipose cells take up glucose at a faster rate. 
C) the liver catabolizes glycogen. 
D) the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucose into the blood. 
E) the kidneys begin gluconeogenesis.

Question 7

During short-term starvation,most available fuel molecules are catabolized to provide energy for metabolism rather than being used as building blocks for growth and repair,a trade-off that is hormonally regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) antidiuretic hormone. 
E) insulin. 
A) acetylcholine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) antidiuretic hormone. 
E) insulin.

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Your niece is playing in the backyard and finds a beautiful moth.Being interested in insects,you perform research to find out what kind of moth it is.You determine that it is a luna moth (Actias luna).Similar to other moths,the luna moth moults several times throughout development and ultimately metamorphoses into a mouthless adult.The adult will live for approximately one week with the sole purpose of mating.
-In order to attract a mate,female luna moths secrete

Accepted Answer

A) mucus. 
B) pheromones. 
C) neurotransmitters. 
D) cytokines. 
E) ecdysteroid. 
A) mucus. 
B) pheromones. 
C) neurotransmitters. 
D) cytokines. 
E) ecdysteroid.

Question 9

Which endocrine disorder is correctly matched with the malfunctioning gland?

Accepted Answer

A) Graves disease and the thyroid 
B) giantism and the posterior pituitary gland 
C) goiter and the adrenal medulla 
D) diabetes mellitus and the parathyroid glands 
E) dwarfism and the adrenal cortex 
A) Graves disease and the thyroid 
B) giantism and the posterior pituitary gland 
C) goiter and the adrenal medulla 
D) diabetes mellitus and the parathyroid glands 
E) dwarfism and the adrenal cortex

Question 10

The steroid hormone that coordinates moulting in arthropods is

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone.

Question 11

What occurs when adenylyl cyclase is activated?

Accepted Answer

A) cAMP is created 
B) cAMP is destroyed 
C) G proteins bind to cAMP 
D) steroid hormones pass through the lipid bilayer 
E) adenylyl cyclase is proteolytically cleaved 
A) cAMP is created 
B) cAMP is destroyed 
C) G proteins bind to cAMP 
D) steroid hormones pass through the lipid bilayer 
E) adenylyl cyclase is proteolytically cleaved

Question 12

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects the very cells that synthesize it,the neighbouring cells in the testis,along with distant cells outside the gonads.Thus,testosterone is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an autocrine signal. 
B) a paracrine signal. 
C) an endocrine signal. 
D) both an autocrine signal and a paracrine signal. 
E) an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal. 
A) an autocrine signal. 
B) a paracrine signal. 
C) an endocrine signal. 
D) both an autocrine signal and a paracrine signal. 
E) an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal.

Question 13

Suppose that substance X is secreted by one cell,travels via interstitial fluid to a neighbouring cell,and produces an effect on that cell.All of the following terms could describe this substance except

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine signal. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) pheromone. 
E) growth factor. 
A) paracrine signal. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) pheromone. 
E) growth factor.

Question 14

What property of steroid hormones allows them to cross the phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A) Steroid hormones are lipid soluble and easily cross the phospholipid bilayer. 
B) Steroid hormones can act in very small concentrations and very few molecules of steroids need to cross the lipid bilayer. 
C) Steroid hormones act on cells close to where they were produced and very few molecules are required to travel such a short distance to cross the lipid bilayer. 
D) Steroid hormones act on the same cells in which they are produced and, therefore, are within the cell they are acting upon. 
E) Cells have protein carriers for steroids in their plasma membranes so the steroid can be transported to the cytoplasm. 
A) Steroid hormones are lipid soluble and easily cross the phospholipid bilayer. 
B) Steroid hormones can act in very small concentrations and very few molecules of steroids need to cross the lipid bilayer. 
C) Steroid hormones act on cells close to where they were produced and very few molecules are required to travel such a short distance to cross the lipid bilayer. 
D) Steroid hormones act on the same cells in which they are produced and, therefore, are within the cell they are acting upon. 
E) Cells have protein carriers for steroids in their plasma membranes so the steroid can be transported to the cytoplasm.

Question 15

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because

Accepted Answer

A) different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C) a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways. 
D) the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E) the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system. 
A) different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C) a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways. 
D) the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E) the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system.

Question 16

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labour and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone.

Question 17

The drug Viagra (sildenafil citrate)is a local regulator and neurotransmitter used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by prolonging the activity of the ________ response pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) vasopressin 
B) testosterone 
C) prostaglandin 
D) nitric oxide 
E) epinephrine 
A) vasopressin 
B) testosterone 
C) prostaglandin 
D) nitric oxide 
E) epinephrine

Question 18

Melatonin is secreted by

Accepted Answer

A) the hypothalamus during the day. 
B) the pineal gland during the night. 
C) the autonomic nervous system during the winter. 
D) the posterior pituitary gland during the day. 
E) the thyroid gland during cold seasons. 
A) the hypothalamus during the day. 
B) the pineal gland during the night. 
C) the autonomic nervous system during the winter. 
D) the posterior pituitary gland during the day. 
E) the thyroid gland during cold seasons.

Question 19

Which of the following is not an accurate statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system. 
B) Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions. 
C) Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function. 
D) Hormones are secreted by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands. 
E) Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops. 
A) Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system. 
B) Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions. 
C) Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function. 
D) Hormones are secreted by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands. 
E) Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops.

Question 20

During a stressful interval

Accepted Answer

A) TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine. 
B) the alpha cells of islets secrete insulin and simultaneously the beta cells of the islets secrete glucagon. 
C) ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla. 
D) the posterior pituitary gland secretes more growth hormones. 
E) the calcium levels in the blood are increased due to actions of two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
A) TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine. 
B) the alpha cells of islets secrete insulin and simultaneously the beta cells of the islets secrete glucagon. 
C) ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla. 
D) the posterior pituitary gland secretes more growth hormones. 
E) the calcium levels in the blood are increased due to actions of two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

All hormones

Steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time,he or she may die from dehydration.ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

DES is called an "endocrine disrupting chemical" because it structurally resembles,and interferes with,the endocrine secretions of the

When the beta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood

During short-term starvation,most available fuel molecules are catabolized to provide energy for metabolism rather than being used as building blocks for growth and repair,a trade-off that is hormonally regulated by

Which endocrine disorder is correctly matched with the malfunctioning gland?

The steroid hormone that coordinates moulting in arthropods is

What occurs when adenylyl cyclase is activated?

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects the very cells that synthesize it,the neighbouring cells in the testis,along with distant cells outside the gonads.Thus,testosterone is an example of

Suppose that substance X is secreted by one cell,travels via interstitial fluid to a neighbouring cell,and produces an effect on that cell.All of the following terms could describe this substance except

What property of steroid hormones allows them to cross the phospholipid bilayer?

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labour and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

The drug Viagra (sildenafil citrate)is a local regulator and neurotransmitter used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by prolonging the activity of the ________ response pathway.

Melatonin is secreted by

Which of the following is not an accurate statement?

During a stressful interval

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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