Question 1

What would an injury localized to the hypothalamus most likely disrupt?

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory 
B) coordination during locomotion 
C) executive functions, such as decision making 
D) regulation of body temperature 
E) ability to finely control calcium levels in the blood 
A) short-term memory 
B) coordination during locomotion 
C) executive functions, such as decision making 
D) regulation of body temperature 
E) ability to finely control calcium levels in the blood

Question 2

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from

Accepted Answer

A) oligosaccharides. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) steroids. 
D) amino acids. 
E) nitric oxide. 
A) oligosaccharides. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) steroids. 
D) amino acids. 
E) nitric oxide.

Question 3

One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to

Accepted Answer

A) an undersecretion of thyroxine. 
B) a defect in hormone release from the posterior pituitary. 
C) a lower than normal level of insulin-like growth factors. 
D) hyposecretion of oxytocin. 
E) a higher than normal level of melatonin. 
A) an undersecretion of thyroxine. 
B) a defect in hormone release from the posterior pituitary. 
C) a lower than normal level of insulin-like growth factors. 
D) hyposecretion of oxytocin. 
E) a higher than normal level of melatonin.

Question 4

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) nitric oxide - local regulator 
B) cortisol - steroid hormone 
C) estrogen - steroid hormone 
D) cytokines - local regulator 
E) prostaglandin - peptide hormone 
A) nitric oxide - local regulator 
B) cortisol - steroid hormone 
C) estrogen - steroid hormone 
D) cytokines - local regulator 
E) prostaglandin - peptide hormone

Question 5

In a lactating mammal,the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release,respectively,are

Accepted Answer

A) prolactin and calcitonin. 
B) prolactin and oxytocin. 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. 
D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. 
E) prolactin and luteinizing hormone. 
A) prolactin and calcitonin. 
B) prolactin and oxytocin. 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. 
D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. 
E) prolactin and luteinizing hormone.

Question 6

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells.The greatest response by a cell would come from

Accepted Answer

A) applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
B) injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
C) applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
D) injecting a molecule of cAMP into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
E) injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
A) applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
B) injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
C) applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
D) injecting a molecule of cAMP into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
E) injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 7

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Accepted Answer

A) parathyroid glands. 
B) adrenal glands. 
C) thyroid glands. 
D) the endocrine pancreas. 
E) the exocrine pancreas. 
A) parathyroid glands. 
B) adrenal glands. 
C) thyroid glands. 
D) the endocrine pancreas. 
E) the exocrine pancreas.

Question 8

Epinephrine is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) a glucocorticoid. 
A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) a glucocorticoid.

Question 9

The higher level of metabolic activity typical of nonhibernating temperate mammals during the winter months is due to increased secretion of

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone.

Question 10

A fantasy movie features a caterpillar that never matures into an adult,but simply gets larger and larger with each moult.It might be possible that the caterpillar did not mature into an adult because of

Accepted Answer

A) a lack of ecdysone. 
B) a lack of juvenile hormone. 
C) a decreased level of ecdysteroid. 
D) an increased level of juvenile hormone. 
E) a lack of melatonin. 
A) a lack of ecdysone. 
B) a lack of juvenile hormone. 
C) a decreased level of ecdysteroid. 
D) an increased level of juvenile hormone. 
E) a lack of melatonin.

Question 11

Which of the following functions of prolactin are incorrectly paired with the species?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate mammary gland growth - reptiles 
B) milk synthesis - mammals 
C) regulate NaCl and H₂O balance - freshwater fishes 
D) metamorphosis delay - amphibians 
E) fat metabolism - birds 
A) stimulate mammary gland growth - reptiles 
B) milk synthesis - mammals 
C) regulate NaCl and H₂O balance - freshwater fishes 
D) metamorphosis delay - amphibians 
E) fat metabolism - birds

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
John Smith competes in amateur bodybuilding competitions.He frequently wins first place much to the dismay of his opponents.John has excessively large hands and some of his facial features appear distorted.The amateur league that he competes in does not test for performance enhancing substances.
-To lose weight quickly before a competition,John will sometimes fast for 48 hours so that his muscles look more defined.Because of the absence of fuel intake,John's body will start to synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources,which is promoted by glucocorticoids from the

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex. 
B) parathyroid gland. 
C) adrenal medulla. 
D) posterior pituitary gland. 
E) pineal gland. 
A) adrenal cortex. 
B) parathyroid gland. 
C) adrenal medulla. 
D) posterior pituitary gland. 
E) pineal gland.

Question 13

Aspirin and ibuprofen both

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. 
B) inhibit the release of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. 
C) activate the paracrine signalling pathways that form blood clots. 
D) stimulate the release of oxytocin. 
E) stimulate vasoconstriction in the kidneys. 
A) inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. 
B) inhibit the release of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. 
C) activate the paracrine signalling pathways that form blood clots. 
D) stimulate the release of oxytocin. 
E) stimulate vasoconstriction in the kidneys.

Question 14

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus. 
B) adenohypophysis. 
C) anterior pituitary. 
D) adrenal cortex. 
E) posterior pituitary. 
A) hypothalamus. 
B) adenohypophysis. 
C) anterior pituitary. 
D) adrenal cortex. 
E) posterior pituitary.

Question 15

After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal,the mammalian pancreas increases its secretion of

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) insulin. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) insulin.

Question 16

Which of the following are similar in structure to cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A) leptin and serotonin 
B) luteinizing hormone and insulin 
C) melanocyte-stimulating hormone and vasopressin 
D) testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol 
E) thyroid hormone T₃ and T₄ 
A) leptin and serotonin 
B) luteinizing hormone and insulin 
C) melanocyte-stimulating hormone and vasopressin 
D) testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol 
E) thyroid hormone T₃ and T₄

Question 17

Linkage to membrane-bound receptor proteins on target cells activates the typical actions of the

Accepted Answer

A) androgens. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) estrogens. 
D) pancreatic hormones. 
E) progestins. 
A) androgens. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) estrogens. 
D) pancreatic hormones. 
E) progestins.

Question 18

The endocrine glands include the

Accepted Answer

A) parathyroid glands. 
B) salivary glands. 
C) sweat glands. 
D) sebaceous glands. 
E) gallbladder. 
A) parathyroid glands. 
B) salivary glands. 
C) sweat glands. 
D) sebaceous glands. 
E) gallbladder.

Question 19

During mammalian labour and delivery,the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a negative feedback system. 
B) a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C) a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D) signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E) the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction. 
A) a negative feedback system. 
B) a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C) a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D) signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E) the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction.

Question 20

A disease that destroys the adrenal cortex should lead to an increase in the plasma levels of

Accepted Answer

A) glucocorticoid hormones. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
D) glucose. 
E) acetylcholine. 
A) glucocorticoid hormones. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
D) glucose. 
E) acetylcholine.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

What would an injury localized to the hypothalamus most likely disrupt?

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from

One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

In a lactating mammal,the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release,respectively,are

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells.The greatest response by a cell would come from

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Epinephrine is an example of

The higher level of metabolic activity typical of nonhibernating temperate mammals during the winter months is due to increased secretion of

A fantasy movie features a caterpillar that never matures into an adult,but simply gets larger and larger with each moult.It might be possible that the caterpillar did not mature into an adult because of

Which of the following functions of prolactin are incorrectly paired with the species?

Aspirin and ibuprofen both

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal,the mammalian pancreas increases its secretion of

Which of the following are similar in structure to cholesterol?

Linkage to membrane-bound receptor proteins on target cells activates the typical actions of the

The endocrine glands include the

During mammalian labour and delivery,the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin.This is an example of

A disease that destroys the adrenal cortex should lead to an increase in the plasma levels of

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters