Question 1

Which of the following best describes a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A) a pictorial representation of all the genes for a species 
B) a display of each of the chromosomes of a single cell 
C) the combination of all the maternal and paternal chromosomes of a species 
D) the collection of all the chromosomes in an individual organism 
E) a photograph of all the cells with missing or extra chromosomes 
A) a pictorial representation of all the genes for a species 
B) a display of each of the chromosomes of a single cell 
C) the combination of all the maternal and paternal chromosomes of a species 
D) the collection of all the chromosomes in an individual organism 
E) a photograph of all the cells with missing or extra chromosomes B

Question 2

How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8)?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 D

Question 3

A karyotype results from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus 
B) an inherited ability of chromosomes to arrange themselves 
C) the ordering of human chromosome images 
D) the cutting and pasting of parts of chromosomes to form the standard array 
E) the separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis 
A) a natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus 
B) an inherited ability of chromosomes to arrange themselves 
C) the ordering of human chromosome images 
D) the cutting and pasting of parts of chromosomes to form the standard array 
E) the separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis C

Question 4

Refer to the drawings below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis,and answer the following questions.
  
-Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) V 
E) VI 
A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) V 
E) VI

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A species of lizard has been discovered that reproduces asexually.
-A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

Accepted Answer

A) a sperm. 
B) an egg. 
C) a zygote. 
D) a somatic cell of a male. 
E) a somatic cell of a female. 
A) a sperm. 
B) an egg. 
C) a zygote. 
D) a somatic cell of a male. 
E) a somatic cell of a female.

Question 6

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

Accepted Answer

A) sister chromatids separate during anaphase. 
B) DNA replicates before the division. 
C) the daughter cells are diploid. 
D) homologous chromosomes synapse. 
E) the chromosome number is reduced. 
A) sister chromatids separate during anaphase. 
B) DNA replicates before the division. 
C) the daughter cells are diploid. 
D) homologous chromosomes synapse. 
E) the chromosome number is reduced.

Question 7

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits,which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. 
D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue. 
A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. 
D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

Accepted Answer

A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B) A diploid plant (sporophyte)produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell. 
A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B) A diploid plant (sporophyte)produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell.

Question 9

In sexual reproduction,the reduction division stage is known as

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization. 
B) anaphase. 
C) meiosis II. 
D) meiosis I. 
E) G₁. 
A) fertilization. 
B) anaphase. 
C) meiosis II. 
D) meiosis I. 
E) G₁.

Question 10

If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II,which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

Accepted Answer

A) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B) It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. 
C) It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. 
D) It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. 
E) It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis. 
A) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B) It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. 
C) It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. 
D) It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. 
E) It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are identical. 
B) They each carry copies of the same genes. 
C) They carry the same alleles. 
D) They align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
E) All human chromosomes are homologous in somatic cells. 
A) They are identical. 
B) They each carry copies of the same genes. 
C) They carry the same alleles. 
D) They align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
E) All human chromosomes are homologous in somatic cells.

Question 12

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A) Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. 
B) Crossing over occurs in mitosis but not in meiosis I. 
C) DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I. 
D) Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information. 
E) There are two divisions in meiosis I but only 1 in mitosis. 
A) Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. 
B) Crossing over occurs in mitosis but not in meiosis I. 
C) DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I. 
D) Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information. 
E) There are two divisions in meiosis I but only 1 in mitosis.

Question 13

The somatic cells of a particular shrub (the privet shrub)each contain 46 chromosomes.They are obviously very different than human cells,yet have the same number of chromosomes.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) This shrub's cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B) The shrub's sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C) Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D) Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs. 
E) Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18. 
A) This shrub's cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B) The shrub's sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C) Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D) Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs. 
E) Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18.

Question 14

The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) every human cell 
B) each human chromosome 
C) the entire DNA of a single human 
D) the entire human population 
E) each human gene 
A) every human cell 
B) each human chromosome 
C) the entire DNA of a single human 
D) the entire human population 
E) each human gene

Question 15

If meiosis produces haploid cells,how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA replication 
B) reverse transcription 
C) synapsis 
D) fertilization 
E) spore production 
A) DNA replication 
B) reverse transcription 
C) synapsis 
D) fertilization 
E) spore production

Question 16

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following

Accepted Answer

A) meiosis 
B) mitosis 
C) fertilization 
D) chromosome exchange between organisms of different species 
E) cytokinesis 
A) meiosis 
B) mitosis 
C) fertilization 
D) chromosome exchange between organisms of different species 
E) cytokinesis

Question 17

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Question 18

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype.We can therefore conclude which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) It must be human. 
B) It must be a primate. 
C) It must be an animal. 
D) It must be sexually reproducing. 
E) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes. 
A) It must be human. 
B) It must be a primate. 
C) It must be an animal. 
D) It must be sexually reproducing. 
E) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.

Question 19

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle is x,then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be

Accepted Answer

A) 0)25x. 
B) 0)5x. 
C) x) 
D) 2x. 
E) 4x. 
A) 0)25x. 
B) 0)5x. 
C) x) 
D) 2x. 
E) 4x.

Question 20

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II. 
A) The statement is true for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Which of the following best describes a karyotype?

How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8)?

A karyotype results from which of the following?

Refer to the drawings below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis,and answer the following questions. -Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. A species of lizard has been discovered that reproduces asexually. -A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits,which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

In sexual reproduction,the reduction division stage is known as

If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II,which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

Which of the following is true regarding homologous chromosomes?

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

The somatic cells of a particular shrub (the privet shrub)each contain 46 chromosomes.They are obviously very different than human cells,yet have the same number of chromosomes.Which of the following is true?

The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?

If meiosis produces haploid cells,how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions. -Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype.We can therefore conclude which of the following?

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle is x,then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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