Exam 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown below. -Which of these numbers represents ectotherms that were able to fly?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Due to its system of nine air sacs connected to the lungs,the respiratory system of birds is arguably the most effective respiratory system of all air-breathers.Upon inhalation,air first flows into posterior air sacs,then into the lungs,and then into anterior air sacs on the way to being exhaled.Thus,there is one-way flow of air through the lungs,along thousands of tubules called parabronchi. -Some bird bones are hollow rather than honeycombed.The hollow bones mostly contain air sacs.The replacement of bone marrow with air sacs is properly understood as an adaptation to

Which of the following is the most inclusive (most general)group,all of whose members have fully opposable thumbs?

The following questions refer to the description below. Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that attached to its flank is an equally long,snakelike organism.The attached organism has no external segmentation,no scales,a round mouth surrounded by a sucker,and two small eyes.Terry thinks it might be a marine leech,a hagfish,or a lamprey. -Terry detaches the snakelike organism from the fish and uses a knife to cut off its head.In doing so,its brain slides out onto the deck of the boat.Terry peers into the cut end of the head and notices that the brain had lain in a sort of panlike structure that only partially surrounded the brain.What is the structure Terry is observing,and what is it made of?

Arrange the following taxonomic terms from most inclusive (most general)to least inclusive (most specific). 1)apes 2)hominins 3)Homo 4)anthropoids 5)primates

Which clade does not include humans?

Which feature of some carinates has the same effect on weight as the presence of air sacs?

Which type of bird is most likely to need air sacs to reduce its weight?

Which graph below best represents the way that density changes over time in a physoclistus fish and in a physostomus fish,respectively?

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown below. -Which number represents the birds?

The following questions refer to the description below. Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that attached to its flank is an equally long,snakelike organism.The attached organism has no external segmentation,no scales,a round mouth surrounded by a sucker,and two small eyes.Terry thinks it might be a marine leech,a hagfish,or a lamprey. -Terry takes the body of the snakelike organism and slices it open along its dorsal side.If it is a hagfish,what should Terry see?

Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

At 5,10,and 15 hours in the graph below,which of the following statements should be true?

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates?

On the back of your skull you can feel a small bump,below which is an opening where the spinal cord enters the skull.The location of this opening toward the bottom of the skull is significant in evolutionary biology for what reason?

If Archaeopteryx had air sacs,then which of its features would have had the opposite effect on enabling Archaeopteryx to fly long distances from that provided by air sacs? 1)teeth 2)contour feathers 3)wing claws 4)long tail with many vertebrae

Unlike eutherians,both monotremes and marsupials

Mylokkunmingia fengjiao,a fossil from the Cambrian

In the United States and Canada,bats use one of two strategies to survive winter: They either migrate south,or they hibernate.Recently,those that hibernate seem to have come under attack by a fungus,Geomyces destructans (Gd),an attack that is occurring from Missouri to southern Canada.Many infected bats have a delicate,white filamentous mat on their muzzles,which is referred to as white-nose syndrome (WNS).The fungus invades the bat tissues,causes discomfort,and awakens the bat from its hibernation.The bat fidgets and wastes calories,using up its stored fat.The bat then behaves abnormally,leaving its cave during daytime in winter to search for food.Their food,primarily insects,is scarce during the winter,and the bats ultimately starve to death.Since 2007,it is estimated that up to 1 million bats have perished from WNS. -Gd is a cold-loving fungus.Thus,which characteristics of normal bat behaviour can be most expected to favour the spread of this fungus to uninfected bats?

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown below. -If circle 3 includes all of the extant reptiles that are ectotherms,then what do circles 4 and 6 represent?