Exam 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown below. -Which number represents the closest relative to the parareptiles?

Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive (most general)to least inclusive (most specific). 1)lobe-fins 2)amphibians 3)gnathostomes 4)osteichthyans 5)tetrapods

Rank the following fishes,from most to least,in terms of the amount of energy it must use to maintain its position (depth)in the water column over the long term. 1)physoclistus fish 2)physostomus fish 3)chondrichthyan fish

In the United States and Canada,bats use one of two strategies to survive winter: They either migrate south,or they hibernate.Recently,those that hibernate seem to have come under attack by a fungus,Geomyces destructans (Gd),an attack that is occurring from Missouri to southern Canada.Many infected bats have a delicate,white filamentous mat on their muzzles,which is referred to as white-nose syndrome (WNS).The fungus invades the bat tissues,causes discomfort,and awakens the bat from its hibernation.The bat fidgets and wastes calories,using up its stored fat.The bat then behaves abnormally,leaving its cave during daytime in winter to search for food.Their food,primarily insects,is scarce during the winter,and the bats ultimately starve to death.Since 2007,it is estimated that up to 1 million bats have perished from WNS. -The Gd mat on the fur of the bats should be expected to consist of

It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and tetrapods.What is the major feature in these fish in support of this hypothesis?

Which of these traits is most strongly associated with the adoption of bipedalism?

The oldest fossil remains of Homo sapiens found so far date from about

What group of mammals have (a)embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples,(b)young that feed on milk,and (c)a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

What should be true of fossils of the earliest tetrapods?

During chordate evolution,what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent)in which the following structures arose? 1)amniotic egg 2)paired fins 3)jaws 4)swim bladder 5)four-chambered heart

If a physoclistus fish removes gas from its swim bladder,this fish's density cannot actually change until that gas arrives at the

At the end of which era did most dinosaurs and pterosaurs become extinct?

Hagfish have slime glands that can produce large amounts of slime.What is an important function of slime production?

The evolution of similar insulating skin coverings such as fur,hair,and feathers in mammals and birds is a result of

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

Regarding its position in the water column,the same thing that happens to a shark when it stops swimming also happens to a

Which of these species had members who moved out of Africa?

In coelacanths,a swim bladder is present,but the swim bladder is full of adipose tissue (fat),which is there on a fairly permanent basis.If such a swim bladder is used by coelacanths to affect buoyancy,then it does so in much the same way as does the

The lamprey species whose larvae live in freshwater streams,but whose adults live most of their lives in sea water,are similar in this respect to certain species of

Examination of the fossils of Archaeopteryx reveals that,in common with extant birds,it had