Question 1

How would you determine if certain minerals are essential for plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A) Crush the plant leaves, stems, and roots and measure which minerals are present after growth. 
B) Grow the plant hydroponically without the mineral in question. 
C) Weigh how much minerals are in the soil when the plant germinates and again after plant growth. 
D) When the plant has grown, analyze the mineral deficiency symptoms. 
A) Crush the plant leaves, stems, and roots and measure which minerals are present after growth. 
B) Grow the plant hydroponically without the mineral in question. 
C) Weigh how much minerals are in the soil when the plant germinates and again after plant growth. 
D) When the plant has grown, analyze the mineral deficiency symptoms.

Question 2

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

Accepted Answer

A) NO₃ and CO₂. 
B) K and CO₂. 
C) PO₄ and K. 
D) H₂O and K. 
E) H₂O and CO₂. 
A) NO₃ and CO₂. 
B) K and CO₂. 
C) PO₄ and K. 
D) H₂O and K. 
E) H₂O and CO₂.

Question 3

The following statements are true about carnivorous plants,with the exception of

Accepted Answer

A) all parasitic plants lack chlorophyll. 
B) carnivorous plants do not require insects to survive. 
C) many carnivorous plants live in acid bogs. 
D) some plants are parasites of mycorrhizae. 
E) carnivorous plants capture both insects and small mammals. 
A) all parasitic plants lack chlorophyll. 
B) carnivorous plants do not require insects to survive. 
C) many carnivorous plants live in acid bogs. 
D) some plants are parasites of mycorrhizae. 
E) carnivorous plants capture both insects and small mammals.

Question 4

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil,what should you do?

Accepted Answer

A) adjust the soil pH to 7.9 
B) add clay to the soil 
C) practise no-till agriculture 
D) add fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, and magnesium to the soil 
E) increase the number of sand particles in the soil 
A) adjust the soil pH to 7.9 
B) add clay to the soil 
C) practise no-till agriculture 
D) add fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, and magnesium to the soil 
E) increase the number of sand particles in the soil

Question 5

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth.
  
-The best explanation for the shape of the growth response curve in the above figure is that

Accepted Answer

A) the plant requires air in the soil for photosynthesis. 
B) the roots are able to absorb more nitrogen (N₂)in high levels of air. 
C) most of the decrease in weight at low air levels is due to transpiration from the leaves. 
D) increased soil air produces more root mass in the soil but does not affect the top stems and leaves. 
E) the roots require oxygen for respiration and growth. 
A) the plant requires air in the soil for photosynthesis. 
B) the roots are able to absorb more nitrogen (N₂)in high levels of air. 
C) most of the decrease in weight at low air levels is due to transpiration from the leaves. 
D) increased soil air produces more root mass in the soil but does not affect the top stems and leaves. 
E) the roots require oxygen for respiration and growth.

Question 6

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) chlorophyll 
B) DNA 
C) RNA 
D) amino acids 
E) cellulose 
A) chlorophyll 
B) DNA 
C) RNA 
D) amino acids 
E) cellulose

Question 7

What is a major function of magnesium in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) to be a component of lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
B) to be a component of DNA and RNA 
C) to be a component of chlorophyll 
D) to be active in amino acid formation 
E) to be required to regenerate phosphoenolpyruvate in C₄ and CAM plants 
A) to be a component of lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
B) to be a component of DNA and RNA 
C) to be a component of chlorophyll 
D) to be active in amino acid formation 
E) to be required to regenerate phosphoenolpyruvate in C₄ and CAM plants

Question 8

When comparing a developing leaf with a fully mature leaf,the developing leaf will have

Accepted Answer

A) a lower water content. 
B) higher nutrient levels. 
C) a lower DNA content. 
D) a higher photosynthetic rate. 
E) a lower gas exchange rate. 
A) a lower water content. 
B) higher nutrient levels. 
C) a lower DNA content. 
D) a higher photosynthetic rate. 
E) a lower gas exchange rate.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the general role of micronutrients in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) They are cofactors in enzymatic reactions. 
B) They are necessary for essential regulatory functions. 
C) They prevent chlorosis. 
D) They are components of nucleic acids. 
E) They are necessary for the formation of cell walls. 
A) They are cofactors in enzymatic reactions. 
B) They are necessary for essential regulatory functions. 
C) They prevent chlorosis. 
D) They are components of nucleic acids. 
E) They are necessary for the formation of cell walls.

Question 10

Rhizobacteria aid plant growth in all the following ways,except

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate plant growth by producing specific chemicals. 
B) protect roots from disease by producing antibiotics. 
C) absorb toxic metals. 
D) enable plants to tolerate specific stresses. 
E) fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. 
A) stimulate plant growth by producing specific chemicals. 
B) protect roots from disease by producing antibiotics. 
C) absorb toxic metals. 
D) enable plants to tolerate specific stresses. 
E) fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.

Question 11

Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts because

Accepted Answer

A) most of them are mobile in the plant. 
B) most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes. 
C) most are supplied in large enough quantities in seeds. 
D) they play only a minor role in the growth and health of the plant. 
E) only the most actively growing regions of the plants require micronutrients. 
A) most of them are mobile in the plant. 
B) most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes. 
C) most are supplied in large enough quantities in seeds. 
D) they play only a minor role in the growth and health of the plant. 
E) only the most actively growing regions of the plants require micronutrients.

Question 12

Most of the water taken up by a plant is

Accepted Answer

A) used as a solvent. 
B) used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. 
C) lost during transpiration. 
D) converted to CO₂. 
E) used to keep cells turgid. 
A) used as a solvent. 
B) used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. 
C) lost during transpiration. 
D) converted to CO₂. 
E) used to keep cells turgid.

Question 13

When performing a mineral nutrition experiment,researchers use water from a glass still.Why is it not a good idea to use regular distilled water from a stainless steel still?

Accepted Answer

A) With a steel still, lime deposits from hard water will build up too quickly. 
B) Salts in the water corrode steel more quickly than glass. 
C) Metal ions dissolving off the steel may serve as micronutrients. 
D) A glass still allows the distillation process to be observed. 
E) There is no difference; both kinds of stills produce distilled water. 
A) With a steel still, lime deposits from hard water will build up too quickly. 
B) Salts in the water corrode steel more quickly than glass. 
C) Metal ions dissolving off the steel may serve as micronutrients. 
D) A glass still allows the distillation process to be observed. 
E) There is no difference; both kinds of stills produce distilled water.

Question 14

The following questions refer to the description below.
Soil can be considered a complex ecosystem because it contains inorganic particles,minerals,water,and a large diversity of living organisms that all interact with one another.Plants need soil to grow and humans depend on plants for food,building supplies,a source of heat,etc.
-Since soil provides plants with a substrate for support and water,minerals,and oxygen,what is a plausible hypothesis to explain the evolution of carnivorous plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Not all soils are rich in nutrients, and parasitic plants that live in soils that are poor in oxygen and carbon can supplement their needs by digesting animals. 
B) If plants that consume insects grow faster and have higher reproductive success, then carnivory is adaptive. 
C) These plants have a mutant gene that decreases photosynthetic output. 
D) Carnivorous plants are rare and compete poorly with noncarniverous plants. 
E) Carnivorous plants are parasites on many invertebrates and small vertebrates. 
A) Not all soils are rich in nutrients, and parasitic plants that live in soils that are poor in oxygen and carbon can supplement their needs by digesting animals. 
B) If plants that consume insects grow faster and have higher reproductive success, then carnivory is adaptive. 
C) These plants have a mutant gene that decreases photosynthetic output. 
D) Carnivorous plants are rare and compete poorly with noncarniverous plants. 
E) Carnivorous plants are parasites on many invertebrates and small vertebrates.

Question 15

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A) stomata 
B) vascular cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) root hairs 
E) prop roots 
A) stomata 
B) vascular cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) root hairs 
E) prop roots

Question 16

Clay in soils represents a trade-off in nutrient availability,such that

Accepted Answer

A) anions are less likely to leach out of soil and are difficult for plants to extract. 
B) cations are less likely to leach out of soil and are difficult for plants to extract. 
C) nitrogen levels are exceptionally high, but much of the nitrogen leaches away. 
D) oxygen levels are exceptionally high, but much of the nitrogen leaches away. 
A) anions are less likely to leach out of soil and are difficult for plants to extract. 
B) cations are less likely to leach out of soil and are difficult for plants to extract. 
C) nitrogen levels are exceptionally high, but much of the nitrogen leaches away. 
D) oxygen levels are exceptionally high, but much of the nitrogen leaches away.

Question 17

Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by

Accepted Answer

A) absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae. 
B) providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts. 
C) converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. 
D) enabling the roots to parasitize neighbouring plants. 
E) stimulating the development of root hairs. 
A) absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae. 
B) providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts. 
C) converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. 
D) enabling the roots to parasitize neighbouring plants. 
E) stimulating the development of root hairs.

Question 18

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

Accepted Answer

A) breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B) increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C) use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D) engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E) increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops. 
A) breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B) increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C) use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D) engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E) increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops.

Question 19

A farmer noted that many of his tomato fruits turned brown at the base as they ripened.The following spring when he replanted,seedlings only grew for a few weeks before the apical tips of many of the plants turned brown and the plants ultimately died.The most likely explanation for this observation is a soil deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen. 
B) phosphorus. 
C) potassium. 
D) calcium. 
E) magnesium. 
A) nitrogen. 
B) phosphorus. 
C) potassium. 
D) calcium. 
E) magnesium.

Question 20

What major benefits do plants and mycorrhizal fungi receive from their symbiotic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants receive enzymes, and fungi receive nitrogen and phosphorus. 
B) Plants receive increased root surface area, and fungi receive digestive enzymes. 
C) Fungi receive photosynthetic products in exchange for living in plant root nodules. 
D) Plants receive nitrogen and phosphorus, and fungi receive photosynthetic products. 
A) Plants receive enzymes, and fungi receive nitrogen and phosphorus. 
B) Plants receive increased root surface area, and fungi receive digestive enzymes. 
C) Fungi receive photosynthetic products in exchange for living in plant root nodules. 
D) Plants receive nitrogen and phosphorus, and fungi receive photosynthetic products.

Exam 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

How would you determine if certain minerals are essential for plant growth?

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

The following statements are true about carnivorous plants,with the exception of

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil,what should you do?

The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth. -The best explanation for the shape of the growth response curve in the above figure is that

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

What is a major function of magnesium in plants?

When comparing a developing leaf with a fully mature leaf,the developing leaf will have

Which of the following best describes the general role of micronutrients in plants?

Rhizobacteria aid plant growth in all the following ways,except

Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts because

Most of the water taken up by a plant is

When performing a mineral nutrition experiment,researchers use water from a glass still.Why is it not a good idea to use regular distilled water from a stainless steel still?

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Clay in soils represents a trade-off in nutrient availability,such that

Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

What major benefits do plants and mycorrhizal fungi receive from their symbiotic relationship?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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