Exam 31: Fungi

The following questions refer to the description below. A lichen is a mutualistic association between a fungus and a green algae or cyanobacteria.There are clear morphological differences in lichen body form; some have flat bodies and are very close together,others have leaf-like bodies,and still others grow upright.The association between the two organisms is so complete that lichens are classified as a single organism. -Lichens are found in a wide variety of habitats,including rocks,soil,tree bark,buildings,etc.Aging of lichens has shown that some are thousands of years old; how is this possible when you see that some of these lichens are very small?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Recent genetic studies of the structure of microsporidian genomes,as well as the sequences of their tubulin genes and the gene for RNA polymerase II,indicate that microsporidians are closely related to the fungi.Microsporidians lack flagella,centrioles,peroxisomes,and mitochondria (although they do have degenerate mitochondria,called mitosomes).They have the smallest genome of any eukaryote,and it is a genome that changes quickly.The genome is contained within two haploid nuclei.All microsporidians are obligate intracellular parasites.They use a unique organelle called a polar filament to gain access to the cells of their hosts.One species causes chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients.Another parasitizes Anopheles gambiae,the mosquito that transmits a fatal form of malaria to humans. -Given the eukaryotic structures they lack,it should be expected that microsporidians also lack

When adult amphibian skin harbours populations of the bacterium,Janthinobacterium lividum (Jl),chytrid infection seems to be inhibited.Which of the following represents the best experimental design for conclusively determining whether this inhibition is real?

Basidiomycetes are the only fungal group capable of synthesizing lignin peroxidase.What advantage does this group of fungi have over other fungi because of this capability?

In both lichens and mycorrhizae,what does the fungal partner provide to its photosynthetic partner?

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both chytrids and other kinds of fungi?

All fungi share which of the following characteristics?

-Both axes of the graph are linear.Thus,the shape of the line plotted on this graph most accurately depicts the

The photosynthetic symbiont of a lichen is often

If Bd cannot grow properly at temperatures above 28°C (82°F),then,assuming the amphibians can survive,in which time or place should the chytrid infection proceed most rapidly? 1)cooler months 2)warmer months 3)lower altitudes 4)higher altitudes

Immediately after karyogamy occurs,which term applies?

If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die,then which group of organisms should benefit most,due to the fact that their fungal competitors have been removed?

If all of their nuclei are equally active transcriptionally,then the cells of both dikaryotic and heterokaryotic fungi,in terms of the gene products they can make,are essentially

Both fungus-derived antibiotics and hallucinogens used by humans probably evolved in fungi as a means to

What do fungi and arthropods have in common?

Do cell walls of fungi differ from cell walls of plants?

The next few questions refer to the following phylogenetic trees. I. II. III. IV. -Which tree depicts the closest relationship between zygomycetes and chytrids?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Rose-picker's disease is caused by the yeast,Sporothrix schenkii.The yeast grows on the exteriors of rose-bush thorns.If a human gets pricked by such a thorn,the yeasts can be introduced under the skin.The yeasts then assume a hyphal morphology and grow along the interiors of lymphatic vessels until they reach a lymph node.This often results in the accumulation of pus in the lymph node,which subsequently ulcerates through the skin surface and then drains. -Say S.schenkii had initially been classified as a deuteromycete.Asci were later discovered in the pus that oozed from an ulcerated lymph node,and the spores therein germinated,giving rise to S.schenkii yeasts.Which two of these are conclusions that make sense on the basis of this information? 1)S.schenkii produces asexual spores within lymph nodes. 2)S.schenkii should be reclassified. 3)S.schenkii continues to have no known sexual stage. 4)The hyphae growing in lymphatic vessels probably belonged to a different fungal species. 5)S.schenkii yeasts belonging to two different mating strains were introduced by the same thorn prick.

Mycorrhizae are to the roots of vascular plants as endophytes are to vascular plants'

What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?