Question 1

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Accepted Answer

A) gastric reflux. 
B) premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C) excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D) increased stomach pH. 
E) retention of food in the stomach. 
A) gastric reflux. 
B) premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C) excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D) increased stomach pH. 
E) retention of food in the stomach.

Question 2

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

Accepted Answer

A) contains plenty of fibre. 
B) promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine. 
C) speeds up movement of material in the large intestine. 
D) decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine. 
E) stimulates peristalsis. 
A) contains plenty of fibre. 
B) promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine. 
C) speeds up movement of material in the large intestine. 
D) decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine. 
E) stimulates peristalsis.

Question 3

Salivary amylase digests

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) starches. 
C) monosaccharides. 
D) glucose. 
E) maltose. 
A) protein. 
B) starches. 
C) monosaccharides. 
D) glucose. 
E) maltose.

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Pretend that you are John Cabot and have been at sea for many months.After several food supplies run out (including the fruits and vegetables),you begin to feel lethargic and notice the development of spots on your skin as well as bleeding from your mucous membranes.You make a visit to the ship's physician and he diagnoses you with scurvy.
-Which dietary deficiency is making you ill?

Accepted Answer

A) B₁₂ (cobalamin) 
B) C (ascorbic acid) 
C) iron 
D) B₃ (niacin) 
E) calcium 
A) B₁₂ (cobalamin) 
B) C (ascorbic acid) 
C) iron 
D) B₃ (niacin) 
E) calcium

Question 5

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A) blood clotting and vitamin C 
B) normal vision and vitamin A 
C) synthesis of cell membranes and vitamin D 
D) protection of skin from cancer and vitamin E 
E) production of white blood cells and vitamin K 
A) blood clotting and vitamin C 
B) normal vision and vitamin A 
C) synthesis of cell membranes and vitamin D 
D) protection of skin from cancer and vitamin E 
E) production of white blood cells and vitamin K

Question 6

After ingestion by humans,the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) cholesterol and other lipids. 
D) nucleic acids. 
E) minerals. 
A) proteins. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) cholesterol and other lipids. 
D) nucleic acids. 
E) minerals.

Question 7

Why is it important to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces?

Accepted Answer

A) Smaller pieces of food taste better than larger pieces of food. 
B) Smaller pieces of food have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food. 
C) Smaller pieces of food are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food. 
D) Smaller pieces of food are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of food. 
E) Bile acid can only bind to smaller pieces of food. 
A) Smaller pieces of food taste better than larger pieces of food. 
B) Smaller pieces of food have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food. 
C) Smaller pieces of food are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food. 
D) Smaller pieces of food are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of food. 
E) Bile acid can only bind to smaller pieces of food.

Question 8

Which enzyme is involved in the breakdown of olive oil?

Accepted Answer

A) nuclease 
B) trypsin 
C) carboxypeptidase 
D) amylase 
E) lipase 
A) nuclease 
B) trypsin 
C) carboxypeptidase 
D) amylase 
E) lipase

Question 9

In the digestive system,peristalsis is

Accepted Answer

A) a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine. 
B) voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation. 
C) the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel. 
D) a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration. 
E) smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus. 
A) a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine. 
B) voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation. 
C) the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel. 
D) a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration. 
E) smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.

Question 10

In what type of organism are you most likely to observe coprophagy?

Accepted Answer

A) carnivores 
B) herbivores 
C) fluid feeders 
D) suspension feeders 
E) omnivores 
A) carnivores 
B) herbivores 
C) fluid feeders 
D) suspension feeders 
E) omnivores

Question 11

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Accepted Answer

A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin. 
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form. 
E) Pepsin and trypsin were discovered to have protein folding patterns different from those seen previously. 
A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin. 
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form. 
E) Pepsin and trypsin were discovered to have protein folding patterns different from those seen previously.

Question 12

Among mammals,it is generally true that

Accepted Answer

A) all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B) after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C) the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea. 
D) the esophagus is a key source of digestive enzymes. 
E) the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach. 
A) all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B) after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C) the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea. 
D) the esophagus is a key source of digestive enzymes. 
E) the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach.

Question 13

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

Accepted Answer

A) excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B) allows specialized functions in specialized regions. 
C) allows ingestion of food while earlier meals are still being digested. 
D) allows extensive branching. 
E) facilitates intracellular digestion. 
A) excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B) allows specialized functions in specialized regions. 
C) allows ingestion of food while earlier meals are still being digested. 
D) allows extensive branching. 
E) facilitates intracellular digestion.

Question 14

A group of animals among which a relatively long cecum is likely to be found is the

Accepted Answer

A) carnivores. 
B) herbivores. 
C) autotrophs. 
D) heterotrophs. 
E) omnivores. 
A) carnivores. 
B) herbivores. 
C) autotrophs. 
D) heterotrophs. 
E) omnivores.

Question 15

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A) stomach-protein digestion 
B) oral cavity-starch digestion 
C) large intestine-bile production 
D) small intestine-nutrient absorption 
E) pancreas-enzyme production 
A) stomach-protein digestion 
B) oral cavity-starch digestion 
C) large intestine-bile production 
D) small intestine-nutrient absorption 
E) pancreas-enzyme production

Question 16

What is the importance of the mucins that are released by salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

A) They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B) They begin the process of starch digestion. 
C) They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D) They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus. 
E) They begin the process of protein digestion. 
A) They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B) They begin the process of starch digestion. 
C) They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D) They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus. 
E) They begin the process of protein digestion.

Question 17

Folic acid supplements have become especially important for pregnant women because

Accepted Answer

A) folic acid supplies vitamins that only pregnant women can use. 
B) the folic acid is stored in adipose tissue by pregnant women so supplements are needed to make more available in the circulation. 
C) the fetus makes high levels of folic acid. 
D) folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube abnormalities in a fetus. 
E) folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn. 
A) folic acid supplies vitamins that only pregnant women can use. 
B) the folic acid is stored in adipose tissue by pregnant women so supplements are needed to make more available in the circulation. 
C) the fetus makes high levels of folic acid. 
D) folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube abnormalities in a fetus. 
E) folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn.

Question 18

When an individuals has their gallbladder removed,what should they probably reduce their consumption of?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) fats 
D) proteins and carbohydrates 
E) excess vitamins 
A) proteins 
B) carbohydrates 
C) fats 
D) proteins and carbohydrates 
E) excess vitamins

Question 19

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body,a process known as

Accepted Answer

A) ingestion. 
B) digestion. 
C) hydrolysis. 
D) absorption. 
E) elimination. 
A) ingestion. 
B) digestion. 
C) hydrolysis. 
D) absorption. 
E) elimination.

Question 20

The large surface area in the small intestine directly facilitates

Accepted Answer

A) secretion. 
B) absorption. 
C) elimination. 
D) filtration. 
E) temperature regulation. 
A) secretion. 
B) absorption. 
C) elimination. 
D) filtration. 
E) temperature regulation.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

Salivary amylase digests

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

After ingestion by humans,the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is

Why is it important to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces?

Which enzyme is involved in the breakdown of olive oil?

In the digestive system,peristalsis is

In what type of organism are you most likely to observe coprophagy?

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Among mammals,it is generally true that

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

A group of animals among which a relatively long cecum is likely to be found is the

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

What is the importance of the mucins that are released by salivary glands?

Folic acid supplements have become especially important for pregnant women because

When an individuals has their gallbladder removed,what should they probably reduce their consumption of?

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body,a process known as

The large surface area in the small intestine directly facilitates

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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