Question 1

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

Accepted Answer

A) fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B) glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C) liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D) muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E) fat, then protein, then glycogen 
A) fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B) glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C) liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D) muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E) fat, then protein, then glycogen

Question 2

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above.The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in

Accepted Answer

A) 1) 
B) 2) 
C) 3) 
D) 8) 
E) 9) 
A) 1) 
B) 2) 
C) 3) 
D) 8) 
E) 9)

Question 3

If the ob gene,which is responsible for the production of leptin,is down-regulated,the result would be

Accepted Answer

A) an increased appetite and an increased body mass. 
B) a decreased appetite and a decreased body mass. 
C) an increased appetite and a decreased body mass. 
D) a decreased appetite and an increased body mass. 
E) an unchanged appetite and normal body weight. 
A) an increased appetite and an increased body mass. 
B) a decreased appetite and a decreased body mass. 
C) an increased appetite and a decreased body mass. 
D) a decreased appetite and an increased body mass. 
E) an unchanged appetite and normal body weight.

Question 4

Jahasz-Pocsine and co-workers found a correlation between gastric bypass surgery and neurological complications.Surgeons performed gastric bypass surgery on 150 patients at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Neurology Clinic.Of the 150 patients,26 experienced neurological complications related to the surgery.What is the most likely cause for the neurological complications?

Accepted Answer

A) sudden weight loss and caloric deficiency interfering with neurological function 
B) nutrient (for example, vitamin and mineral)deficiencies 
C) sloppy surgical technique of physicians performing the bypass surgery 
D) infections following surgical intervention 
E) difficulty adjusting to eating smaller meals 
A) sudden weight loss and caloric deficiency interfering with neurological function 
B) nutrient (for example, vitamin and mineral)deficiencies 
C) sloppy surgical technique of physicians performing the bypass surgery 
D) infections following surgical intervention 
E) difficulty adjusting to eating smaller meals

Question 5

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above.Most of the digestion of fats occurs in section(s)

Accepted Answer

A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4. 
D) 3 and 4. 
E) 1, 3, and 4. 
A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4. 
D) 3 and 4. 
E) 1, 3, and 4.

Question 6

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch,which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle proteins 
B) muscle and liver glycogen 
C) fat stored in the liver 
D) fat stored in adipose tissue 
E) blood proteins 
A) muscle proteins 
B) muscle and liver glycogen 
C) fat stored in the liver 
D) fat stored in adipose tissue 
E) blood proteins

Question 7

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid.Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Accepted Answer

A) goblet cells 
B) chief cells 
C) parietal cells 
D) smooth muscle cells 
E) mucous cells 
A) goblet cells 
B) chief cells 
C) parietal cells 
D) smooth muscle cells 
E) mucous cells

Question 8

An enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is

Accepted Answer

A) amylase. 
B) pepsin. 
C) gastrin. 
D) trypsin. 
E) sucrose. 
A) amylase. 
B) pepsin. 
C) gastrin. 
D) trypsin. 
E) sucrose.

Question 9

When the digestion and absorption of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal,the excess is

Accepted Answer

A) eliminated in the feces. 
B) stored as starch in the liver. 
C) stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D) oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E) hydrolyzed and converted to ADP. 
A) eliminated in the feces. 
B) stored as starch in the liver. 
C) stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D) oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E) hydrolyzed and converted to ADP.

Question 10

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances.How might they survive the acid pH of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) They secrete buffers to neutralize acid. 
B) They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium. 
C) They take over the parietal cells. 
D) They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach. 
E) The produce a cell wall. 
A) They secrete buffers to neutralize acid. 
B) They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium. 
C) They take over the parietal cells. 
D) They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach. 
E) The produce a cell wall.

Question 11

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

Accepted Answer

A) only those animals use those nutrients. 
B) the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C) these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D) the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E) only certain foods contain them. 
A) only those animals use those nutrients. 
B) the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C) these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D) the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E) only certain foods contain them.

Question 12

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue,what would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The vitamins in the cracker are immediately absorbed. 
B) Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose. 
C) The proteins in the cracker begin to be digested. 
D) The flavor becomes less noticeable because the sugars are digested. 
E) The fats are quickly emulsified. 
A) The vitamins in the cracker are immediately absorbed. 
B) Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose. 
C) The proteins in the cracker begin to be digested. 
D) The flavor becomes less noticeable because the sugars are digested. 
E) The fats are quickly emulsified.

Question 13

To maintain adequate nutrition,animals require dietary access to certain amino acids.An amino acid that is referred to as "nonessential" would be best described as one that

Accepted Answer

A) can be made by the animal's body from other substances. 
B) is not used by the animal in biosynthesis. 
C) must be ingested in the diet. 
D) is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. 
E) is not found in many proteins. 
A) can be made by the animal's body from other substances. 
B) is not used by the animal in biosynthesis. 
C) must be ingested in the diet. 
D) is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. 
E) is not found in many proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) lion-substrate feeder 
B) baleen whale-suspension feeder 
C) aphid-fluid feeder 
D) clam-suspension feeder 
E) snake-bulk feeder 
A) lion-substrate feeder 
B) baleen whale-suspension feeder 
C) aphid-fluid feeder 
D) clam-suspension feeder 
E) snake-bulk feeder

Question 15

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Accepted Answer

A) pH monitoring. 
B) X-ray technology. 
C) the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D) colonoscopy. 
E) sonography. 
A) pH monitoring. 
B) X-ray technology. 
C) the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D) colonoscopy. 
E) sonography.

Question 16

Hypoglycemia,or low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human,is "corrected" by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) increase in the secretion of insulin. 
B) increase in the secretion of glucagon. 
C) increase in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
D) decrease in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
E) increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones. 
A) increase in the secretion of insulin. 
B) increase in the secretion of glucagon. 
C) increase in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
D) decrease in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
E) increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical digestion 
B) HCl secretion 
C) mucus secretion 
D) nutrient absorption 
E) enzyme secretion 
A) mechanical digestion 
B) HCl secretion 
C) mucus secretion 
D) nutrient absorption 
E) enzyme secretion

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are an archaeologist and have found the well-preserved body of an unknown animal.It has large jaws with very jagged molars and sharp canines.After dissecting the animal,you observe that it has a comparatively small cecum.
-Which assumptions can you make about the animal's diet?

Accepted Answer

A) The animal was a carnivorous bulk feeder that rarely ate vegetation. 
B) The animal was a carnivorous filter feeder that rarely ate vegetation. 
C) The animal was an herbivorous bulk feeder that rarely ate meat. 
D) The animal was an herbivorous filter feeder that rarely ate meat. 
E) The animal was a carnivorous substrate feeder that often ate vegetation. 
A) The animal was a carnivorous bulk feeder that rarely ate vegetation. 
B) The animal was a carnivorous filter feeder that rarely ate vegetation. 
C) The animal was an herbivorous bulk feeder that rarely ate meat. 
D) The animal was an herbivorous filter feeder that rarely ate meat. 
E) The animal was a carnivorous substrate feeder that often ate vegetation.

Question 19

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the

Accepted Answer

A) large intestine. 
B) stomach. 
C) pharynx. 
D) rectum. 
E) epiglottis. 
A) large intestine. 
B) stomach. 
C) pharynx. 
D) rectum. 
E) epiglottis.

Question 20

The cells that secrete acidic fluid in the stomach are

Accepted Answer

A) the chief cells of the stomach. 
B) the parietal cells of the stomach. 
C) not needed for the transformation of pepsinogen to pepsin. 
D) in the lumen of the stomach. 
E) adding secretions along the esophagus. 
A) the chief cells of the stomach. 
B) the parietal cells of the stomach. 
C) not needed for the transformation of pepsinogen to pepsin. 
D) in the lumen of the stomach. 
E) adding secretions along the esophagus.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above.The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in

If the ob gene,which is responsible for the production of leptin,is down-regulated,the result would be

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above.Most of the digestion of fats occurs in section(s)

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch,which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid.Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

An enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is

When the digestion and absorption of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal,the excess is

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances.How might they survive the acid pH of the stomach?

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue,what would you expect to happen?

To maintain adequate nutrition,animals require dietary access to certain amino acids.An amino acid that is referred to as "nonessential" would be best described as one that

Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism?

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Hypoglycemia,or low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human,is "corrected" by a(n)

Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach?

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the

The cells that secrete acidic fluid in the stomach are

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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