Question 1

During intense exercise,as skeletal muscle cells go into anaerobiosis,the human body will increase its catabolism of

Accepted Answer

A) fats only. 
B) carbohydrates only. 
C) proteins only. 
D) fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 
E) fats and proteins only. 
A) fats only. 
B) carbohydrates only. 
C) proteins only. 
D) fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 
E) fats and proteins only.

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes.However,the fragments will reseal "inside out." These little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP.If the membranes are agitated further,however,the ability to synthesize ATP is lost.
-After the further agitation of the membrane vesicles,what must be lost from the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) the ability of NADH to transfer electrons to the first acceptor in the electron transport chain 
B) the prosthetic groups like heme from the transport system 
C) cytochromes 
D) ATP synthase, in whole or in part 
E) the contact required between inner and outer membrane surfaces 
A) the ability of NADH to transfer electrons to the first acceptor in the electron transport chain 
B) the prosthetic groups like heme from the transport system 
C) cytochromes 
D) ATP synthase, in whole or in part 
E) the contact required between inner and outer membrane surfaces

Question 3

In glycolysis,for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

Accepted Answer

A) two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
B) two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. 
C) four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
D) two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced. 
E) six molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced. 
A) two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
B) two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. 
C) four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
D) two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced. 
E) six molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.

Question 4

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen. 
B) water. 
C) NAD⁺. 
D) pyruvate. 
E) ADP. 
A) oxygen. 
B) water. 
C) NAD⁺. 
D) pyruvate. 
E) ADP.

Question 5

Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) electron transport chain 
C) outer membrane 
D) inner membrane 
E) mitochondrial matrix 
A) cytosol 
B) electron transport chain 
C) outer membrane 
D) inner membrane 
E) mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

Accepted Answer

A) yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain. 
B) act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. 
C) combine with carbon, forming CO₂. 
D) combine with lactate, forming pyruvate. 
E) catalyze the reactions of glycolysis. 
A) yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain. 
B) act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. 
C) combine with carbon, forming CO₂. 
D) combine with lactate, forming pyruvate. 
E) catalyze the reactions of glycolysis.

Question 7

A molecule that is phosphorylated

Accepted Answer

A) has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. 
B) has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. 
C) has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. 
D) has an increased chemical potential energy; it is primed to do cellular work. 
E) has less energy than before its phosphorylation and therefore less energy for cellular work. 
A) has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. 
B) has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. 
C) has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. 
D) has an increased chemical potential energy; it is primed to do cellular work. 
E) has less energy than before its phosphorylation and therefore less energy for cellular work.

Question 8

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C₆H₁₂O)is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO)and water?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) fermentation 
C) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) 
A) glycolysis 
B) fermentation 
C) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 9

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along the electron transport chain in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) Chemiosmosis is coupled with electron transfer. 
B) Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized. 
C) ATP is generated at each step. 
D) Energy of the electrons increases at each step. 
E) Molecules in the chain give up some of their potential energy. 
A) Chemiosmosis is coupled with electron transfer. 
B) Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized. 
C) ATP is generated at each step. 
D) Energy of the electrons increases at each step. 
E) Molecules in the chain give up some of their potential energy.

Question 10

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A) two 
B) four 
C) six 
D) eight 
E) ten 
A) two 
B) four 
C) six 
D) eight 
E) ten

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy

Accepted Answer

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced. 
B) O₂ is oxidized and H₂O is reduced. 
C) CO₂ is reduced and O₂ is oxidized. 
D) C₆H₁₂O₆ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized. 
E) O₂ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized. 
A) C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced. 
B) O₂ is oxidized and H₂O is reduced. 
C) CO₂ is reduced and O₂ is oxidized. 
D) C₆H₁₂O₆ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized. 
E) O₂ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized.

Question 12

Inside an active mitochondrion,most electrons follow which pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis → NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen 
B) citric acid cycle → FADH₂ → electron transport chain → ATP 
C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen 
D) pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen 
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen 
A) glycolysis → NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen 
B) citric acid cycle → FADH₂ → electron transport chain → ATP 
C) electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen 
D) pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen 
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

Question 13

In vertebrate animals,brown fat tissue's colour is due to abundant blood vessels and capillaries.White fat tissue,on the other hand,is specialized for fat storage and contains relatively few blood vessels or capillaries.Brown fat cells have a specialized protein that dissipates the proton-motive force across the mitochondrial membranes.Which of the following might be the function of the brown fat tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) to increase the rate of oxidative phosphorylation from its few mitochondria 
B) to allow the animals to regulate their metabolic rate when it is especially hot 
C) to increase the production of ATP 
D) to allow other membranes of the cell to perform mitochondrial functions 
E) to regulate temperature by converting most of the energy from NADH oxidation to heat 
A) to increase the rate of oxidative phosphorylation from its few mitochondria 
B) to allow the animals to regulate their metabolic rate when it is especially hot 
C) to increase the production of ATP 
D) to allow other membranes of the cell to perform mitochondrial functions 
E) to regulate temperature by converting most of the energy from NADH oxidation to heat

Question 14

Cellular nitrogenous wastes (ammonia and urea),are a result of

Accepted Answer

A) beta oxidation of lipids 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) catabolism of proteins 
D) fermentation 
E) anabolic production of amino acids 
A) beta oxidation of lipids 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) catabolism of proteins 
D) fermentation 
E) anabolic production of amino acids

Question 15

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the protein complexes labelled with Roman numerals in the figure above will transfer electrons to O₂?

Accepted Answer

A) complex I 
B) complex II 
C) complex III 
D) complex IV 
E) All of the complexes can transfer electrons to O₂. 
A) complex I 
B) complex II 
C) complex III 
D) complex IV 
E) All of the complexes can transfer electrons to O₂.

Question 16

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell 
B) an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it 
C) an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized 
D) an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD⁺ 
E) an agent that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain 
A) an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell 
B) an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it 
C) an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized 
D) an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD⁺ 
E) an agent that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain

Question 17

What is proton-motive force?

Accepted Answer

A) the force required to remove an electron from hydrogen 
B) the force exerted on a proton by a transmembrane proton concentration gradient 
C) the force that moves hydrogen into the intermembrane space 
D) the force that moves hydrogen into the mitochondrion 
E) the force that moves hydrogen to NAD⁺ 
A) the force required to remove an electron from hydrogen 
B) the force exerted on a proton by a transmembrane proton concentration gradient 
C) the force that moves hydrogen into the intermembrane space 
D) the force that moves hydrogen into the mitochondrion 
E) the force that moves hydrogen to NAD⁺

Question 18

Starting with one molecule of glucose,the energy-containing products of glycolysis are

Accepted Answer

A) 2 NAD⁺, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
B) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
C) 2 FADH₂, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP. 
D) 6 CO₂, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate. 
E) 6 CO₂, 30 ATP, and 2 pyruvate. 
A) 2 NAD⁺, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
B) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
C) 2 FADH₂, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP. 
D) 6 CO₂, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate. 
E) 6 CO₂, 30 ATP, and 2 pyruvate.

Question 19

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H⁺ into which location in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) mitochondrial outer membrane 
C) mitochondrial inner membrane 
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E) mitochondrial matrix 
A) cytosol 
B) mitochondrial outer membrane 
C) mitochondrial inner membrane 
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E) mitochondrial matrix

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You have collected samples from mud at the bottom of a nearby pond and have isolated different bacteria and protists from that community.You put the cultures in appropriate media in test tubes with loose-fitting lids and leave for the night,confident that your cultures will be growing well when you return.
-When you come back the next morning,you notice that the culture in test tube A hasn't grown at all,while all the other ones have.You conclude that the culture must be composed of

Accepted Answer

A) obligate aerobes. 
B) obligate anaerobes. 
C) facultative anaerobes. 
D) sulphate-reducing bacteria. 
E) fermenting organisms. 
A) obligate aerobes. 
B) obligate anaerobes. 
C) facultative anaerobes. 
D) sulphate-reducing bacteria. 
E) fermenting organisms.

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

During intense exercise,as skeletal muscle cells go into anaerobiosis,the human body will increase its catabolism of

In glycolysis,for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

A molecule that is phosphorylated

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C₆H₁₂O)is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO)and water?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along the electron transport chain in the figure above?

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction? C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy

Inside an active mitochondrion,most electrons follow which pathway?

Cellular nitrogenous wastes (ammonia and urea),are a result of

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the protein complexes labelled with Roman numerals in the figure above will transfer electrons to O₂?

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

What is proton-motive force?

Starting with one molecule of glucose,the energy-containing products of glycolysis are

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H⁺ into which location in eukaryotic cells?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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