Question 1

The enzymes involved in ATP synthesis in the mitochondria are likely to be encoded by _________ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  regulatory 
B)  homeotic 
C)  housekeeping 
D)  transposon 
A)  regulatory 
B)  homeotic 
C)  housekeeping 
D)  transposon

Question 2

RNA interference has been proposed as a treatment for cancer. Which of the following accurately explains how this treatment could work?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA injected into cancerous cells would prevent transcription of cancer-causing genes. 
B)  Normal (not mutated) mRNA for DNA polymerase would be inserted into the genome of tumor cells. 
C)  Tumors would be injected with small pieces of double stranded RNAs that recognize the mRNA of genes that promote cell division. 
D)  RNAi would bind to tubulin, preventing the formation of the spindle apparatus. 
A)  RNA injected into cancerous cells would prevent transcription of cancer-causing genes. 
B)  Normal (not mutated) mRNA for DNA polymerase would be inserted into the genome of tumor cells. 
C)  Tumors would be injected with small pieces of double stranded RNAs that recognize the mRNA of genes that promote cell division. 
D)  RNAi would bind to tubulin, preventing the formation of the spindle apparatus.

Question 3

Transposons can move both within a chromosome and from one chromosome to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The 220 different cell types in the human body each contain all of the same DNA found in every other cell type.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A _______ is a DNA sequence that is capable of moving from one position to another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _______ is a DNA sequence that...

Question 6

The genome of a prokaryote rarely contains ______________ DNA sequences that do not encode genes or undergo transcription.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The genome of a prokaryote rarely contains...

Question 7

DNA is tightly packed around protein spools known as ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA is tightly packed around protein spools...

Question 8

Which of the following features of DNA is important to the function of a gene chip?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA contains both introns and exons. 
B)  The bases in DNA are complementary to the bases in RNA. 
C)  Eukaryotic DNA contains mostly noncoding sequences. 
D)  DNA can be labeled with fluorescent dyes. 
A)  DNA contains both introns and exons. 
B)  The bases in DNA are complementary to the bases in RNA. 
C)  Eukaryotic DNA contains mostly noncoding sequences. 
D)  DNA can be labeled with fluorescent dyes.

Question 9

Which of the following is directly involved in the regulation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  tRNA 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  repressor protein 
A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  tRNA 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  repressor protein

Question 10

The figure below illustrates two levels of DNA packing in a eukaryotic cell.  
In which level is transcription most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conformation A, because the tight coiling brings regulatory DNA sequences closer together. 
B)  Conformation A, because tight coiling only occurs during cell division which is when transcription occurs. 
C)  Conformation B, because RNA polymerase can only access regulatory DNA when chromosomes are not condensed. 
D)  Conformation B, because in this conformation, the DNA is completely separated from histones that bind to regulatory DNA sequences preventing transcription. 
A)  Conformation A, because the tight coiling brings regulatory DNA sequences closer together. 
B)  Conformation A, because tight coiling only occurs during cell division which is when transcription occurs. 
C)  Conformation B, because RNA polymerase can only access regulatory DNA when chromosomes are not condensed. 
D)  Conformation B, because in this conformation, the DNA is completely separated from histones that bind to regulatory DNA sequences preventing transcription.

Question 11

Which is not true of homeotic genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are similar in very different organisms. 
B)  They control the expression of other genes. 
C)  They cause every cell in an organism to behave identically. 
D)  They are evolutionarily old. 
A)  They are similar in very different organisms. 
B)  They control the expression of other genes. 
C)  They cause every cell in an organism to behave identically. 
D)  They are evolutionarily old.

Question 12

Would you expect the presence of spacer DNA to increase or decrease the frequency of linkage between genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease it, because the spacer DNA is removed from the genome before transcription 
B)  decrease it, because the spacer DNA increases the probability of crossing-over between genes 
C)  increase it, because the spacer DNA is tightly connected to the genes on both sides 
D)  increase it, because the spacer DNA encourages the insertion of transposons into the DNA 
A)  decrease it, because the spacer DNA is removed from the genome before transcription 
B)  decrease it, because the spacer DNA increases the probability of crossing-over between genes 
C)  increase it, because the spacer DNA is tightly connected to the genes on both sides 
D)  increase it, because the spacer DNA encourages the insertion of transposons into the DNA

Question 13

In plants, transposons are often the cause of variegation (the formation of white stripes of cells on a green leaf). Which of the following explains why a transposon might have this effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The white cells are dead cells. When a transposon moves from one chromosome to another, it kills its host cell. 
B)  When a bacterium infects a plant cell, the plant cell begins producing bacterial proteins rather than plant proteins. 
C)  When a transposon "jumps" into the gene involved in the production of the green pigment in a plant, the gene no longer functions so the cells are all white. 
D)  When a transposon enters a cell, it inhibits the translation of all proteins. 
A)  The white cells are dead cells. When a transposon moves from one chromosome to another, it kills its host cell. 
B)  When a bacterium infects a plant cell, the plant cell begins producing bacterial proteins rather than plant proteins. 
C)  When a transposon "jumps" into the gene involved in the production of the green pigment in a plant, the gene no longer functions so the cells are all white. 
D)  When a transposon enters a cell, it inhibits the translation of all proteins.

Question 14

All cells in an organism contain a full copy of that organism's DNA. Your ears do not produce digestive enzymes because

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach cells have extra DNA. 
B)  ear cells have nonfunctional DNA. 
C)  some DNA is deleted from cells where it isn't needed. 
D)  different genes are expressed in different parts of an organism. 
A)  stomach cells have extra DNA. 
B)  ear cells have nonfunctional DNA. 
C)  some DNA is deleted from cells where it isn't needed. 
D)  different genes are expressed in different parts of an organism.

Question 15

Which of the following can be described as housekeeper genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  genes that code for processing arabinose in E. coli 
B)  genes that code for producing chemicals that transmit nerve signals 
C)  genes that code for making muscle proteins 
D)  genes that code for making rRNA 
A)  genes that code for processing arabinose in E. coli 
B)  genes that code for producing chemicals that transmit nerve signals 
C)  genes that code for making muscle proteins 
D)  genes that code for making rRNA

Question 16

If the gene of a repressor protein were to be mutated such that its protein no longer functioned, the genes it regulated would not be transcribed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In condensed chromosomes, histone spools

Accepted Answer

A)  lie between introns in the DNA molecule. 
B)  contain most of the spacer genes in a cell. 
C)  have DNA wrapped around them. 
D)  are sites where active transcription takes place. 
A)  lie between introns in the DNA molecule. 
B)  contain most of the spacer genes in a cell. 
C)  have DNA wrapped around them. 
D)  are sites where active transcription takes place.

Question 18

Most of a human's DNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded. 
B)  noncoding. 
C)  regulatory sequences. 
D)  prokaryotic. 
A)  single-stranded. 
B)  noncoding. 
C)  regulatory sequences. 
D)  prokaryotic.

Question 19

One level of DNA packing involves the DNA being wound around

Accepted Answer

A)  histone proteins. 
B)  an RNA molecule. 
C)  cytoplasmic organelles. 
D)  translation enzymes. 
A)  histone proteins. 
B)  an RNA molecule. 
C)  cytoplasmic organelles. 
D)  translation enzymes.

Question 20

If an ear develops where an eye should be, the cause is most likely a mutation in a ________ gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an ear develops where an eye...

Exam 14: Control of Gene Expression

The enzymes involved in ATP synthesis in the mitochondria are likely to be encoded by _________ genes.

RNA interference has been proposed as a treatment for cancer. Which of the following accurately explains how this treatment could work?

Transposons can move both within a chromosome and from one chromosome to another.

The 220 different cell types in the human body each contain all of the same DNA found in every other cell type.

A _______ is a DNA sequence that is capable of moving from one position to another.

The genome of a prokaryote rarely contains ______________ DNA sequences that do not encode genes or undergo transcription.

DNA is tightly packed around protein spools known as ______________.

Which of the following features of DNA is important to the function of a gene chip?

Which of the following is directly involved in the regulation of transcription?

The figure below illustrates two levels of DNA packing in a eukaryotic cell. In which level is transcription most likely to occur?

Which is not true of homeotic genes?

Would you expect the presence of spacer DNA to increase or decrease the frequency of linkage between genes?

In plants, transposons are often the cause of variegation (the formation of white stripes of cells on a green leaf). Which of the following explains why a transposon might have this effect?

All cells in an organism contain a full copy of that organism's DNA. Your ears do not produce digestive enzymes because

Which of the following can be described as housekeeper genes?

If the gene of a repressor protein were to be mutated such that its protein no longer functioned, the genes it regulated would not be transcribed.

In condensed chromosomes, histone spools

Most of a human's DNA is

One level of DNA packing involves the DNA being wound around

If an ear develops where an eye should be, the cause is most likely a mutation in a ________ gene.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

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