Exam 34: Vertebrates

Which of the following statements about craniates is (are)correct? 1) Craniates are more highly cephalized than are non-craniates. 2) Craniates' genomic evolution includes duplication of clusters of genes that code for transcription factors. 3) The craniate clade is synonymous with the vertebrate clade. 4) Pharyngeal slits that can assist in gas exchange originated in craniates, 5) The two-chambered heart originated with the early craniates.

The following questions refer to the description below. While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit). The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow). -The condition of the eyes in this organism is similar to that seen in placental and marsupial moles. It is also most similar in functional significance to the

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1. -In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Some animals that lived 530 million years ago resembled lancelets but had a brain and a skull. These animals may represent

Which of these statements about human evolution is correct?

Which is the most specific group in which prosimians can be included?

As humans diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive (i.e., most general)to least inclusive (i.e., most specific). 1. lobe-fins 2) amphibians 3) gnathostomes 4) osteichthyans 5) tetrapods

What is a distinctive feature of the chondrichthyans?

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates?

The oldest fossil remains of Homo sapiens found so far date from about

The following questions refer to the description below. While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit). The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow). -Which of the following structures are possessed only by birds?