Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1. Figure 41.1 -Which structure is home to bacteria that produce vitamins as by-products of their metabolism?

Which of the following enzymes has the lowest pH optimum?

Extracellular compartmentalization of digestive processes is an evolutionary adaptation in many animal phyla. Which of the following phyla is correctly paired with the compartment that first evolved in that phylum?

A hiatal hernia affects the function of the smooth muscle between the esophagus and the stomach. The hernia would be most likely to increase the frequency of which of the following?

Use the following table of the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its % of recommended daily values (DV) to answer the following questions. Dietary Supplement % DV Dietary Supplement \% DV Vitamin A 70 Vitamin C 100 Vitamin D 100 Vitamin E 150 Vitamin K 13 Vitamin B1 100 Vitamin B2 100 Folic acid 100 Vitamin B12 417 Calcium 20 Phosphorus 5 Iodine 100 Magnesium 25 Zinc 100 Copper 100 Chromium 125 Molybdenum 100 Iron 0 Etc. -With which of the following is excessive iron absorption most likely to be associated?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits. The ob gene produces a satiety factor (the hormone leptin). The db gene product is required to respond to the satiety factor (the leptin receptor). -Which of the following hormone actions will occur when more energy is required by a human?

Some nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of certain animals because

After ingestion, the first type of macromolecule to be worked on by enzymes in the human digestive system is

During the process of digestion, fats are broken down when fatty acids are detached from glycerol. In addition, proteins are digested to yield amino acids. What do these two processes have in common?

Animals require certain amino acids in their diet. An amino acid that is referred to as nonessential would be best described as one that

The pH of the stomach is low enough and the protease activity high enough that the cells of the stomach itself are at risk of self-digestion. This is prevented by which of the following?

Microbial symbionts are especially important for nutritional support in which of the following?

Use the following table of the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its % of recommended daily values (DV) to answer the following questions. Dietary Supplement % DV Dietary Supplement \% DV Vitamin A 70 Vitamin C 100 Vitamin D 100 Vitamin E 150 Vitamin K 13 Vitamin B1 100 Vitamin B2 100 Folic acid 100 Vitamin B12 417 Calcium 20 Phosphorus 5 Iodine 100 Magnesium 25 Zinc 100 Copper 100 Chromium 125 Molybdenum 100 Iron 0 Etc. -Some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100%. Which is the most likely explanation?

Which of the following are adaptations to a carnivorous diet?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits. The ob gene produces a satiety factor (the hormone leptin). The db gene product is required to respond to the satiety factor (the leptin receptor). -Leptin is a product of adipose cells. Therefore, a very obese mouse would be expected to have which of the following?

Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism?

If the digestive systems of animals are to provide the energy needed for ATP and biosynthesis, which of the following diets would be most suitable?

Coprophagy allows some animals to re-eat fecal material in order to recover more nutrients. In which of these animals would such behavior be displayed?

Make a flowchart of the events that occur after partially digested food leaves the stomach. Use the following terms: bicarbonate secretion, circulation, decrease in acid, secretin secretion, increase in acid, signal detection. Next to each term, indicate the compartment(s)involved. You may use a term more than once.

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1. Figure 41.1 -Which of the following glandular secretions involved in digestion would be most likely released initially as inactive precursors?