Question 1

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1.
   
Figure 41.1
-How does the digestion and absorption of fat differ from that of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A) Processing of fat does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. 
B) Fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine. 
C) Carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. 
D) Most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. 
E) Only fat must be worked on by bacteria in the large intestine before it can be absorbed. 
A) Processing of fat does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. 
B) Fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine. 
C) Carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. 
D) Most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. 
E) Only fat must be worked on by bacteria in the large intestine before it can be absorbed.

Question 2

Foods eaten by animals are most often composed largely of macromolecules. This requires the animals to have methods for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) elimination 
B) dehydration synthesis 
C) enzymatic hydrolysis 
D) regurgitation 
E) demineralization 
A) elimination 
B) dehydration synthesis 
C) enzymatic hydrolysis 
D) regurgitation 
E) demineralization

Question 3

In which group of animals would you expect to find a relatively long cecum?

Accepted Answer

A) carnivores 
B) herbivores 
C) autotrophs 
D) heterotrophs 
E) omnivores 
A) carnivores 
B) herbivores 
C) autotrophs 
D) heterotrophs 
E) omnivores

Question 4

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin B12 
C) vitamin C 
D) iodine 
E) calcium 
A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin B12 
C) vitamin C 
D) iodine 
E) calcium

Question 5

Numerous adult humans are currently treated for reflux disorders. However, at an earlier time in medical history these same individuals probably would have been diagnosed with gastric ulcers. Which of the following has most contributed to correct diagnosis of this problem?

Accepted Answer

A) better pH monitoring 
B) improvements in X-ray technology 
C) ability to diagnose and treat H. pylori infection 
D) ability to perform colonoscopy 
E) ability to perform sonography 
A) better pH monitoring 
B) improvements in X-ray technology 
C) ability to diagnose and treat H. pylori infection 
D) ability to perform colonoscopy 
E) ability to perform sonography

Question 6

Which of the following enzymes works most effectively at a very low pH?

Accepted Answer

A) salivary amylase 
B) trypsin 
C) pepsin 
D) pancreatic amylase 
E) pancreatic lipase 
A) salivary amylase 
B) trypsin 
C) pepsin 
D) pancreatic amylase 
E) pancreatic lipase

Question 7

Which of the following minerals is associated with its use in animals?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium-construction and maintenance of bone 
B) magnesium-cofactor in enzymes that make ATP 
C) iron-necessary for thyroid function 
D) sulfur-ingredient of nucleic acids 
E) iodine-important in nerve function 
A) calcium-construction and maintenance of bone 
B) magnesium-cofactor in enzymes that make ATP 
C) iron-necessary for thyroid function 
D) sulfur-ingredient of nucleic acids 
E) iodine-important in nerve function

Question 8

The symbiotic microbes that help nourish a ruminant live mainly in specialized regions of the

Accepted Answer

A) large intestine. 
B) liver. 
C) small intestine. 
D) pharynx. 
E) stomach. 
A) large intestine. 
B) liver. 
C) small intestine. 
D) pharynx. 
E) stomach.

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits. The ob gene produces a satiety factor (the hormone leptin). The db gene product is required to respond to the satiety factor (the leptin receptor).
-Which of the following occurs when digestion of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by the animal?

Accepted Answer

A) The excess is eliminated. 
B) The excess is stored as starch. 
C) The excess is stored as glycogen. 
D) The excess is oxidized. 
E) The excess is hydrolyzed. 
A) The excess is eliminated. 
B) The excess is stored as starch. 
C) The excess is stored as glycogen. 
D) The excess is oxidized. 
E) The excess is hydrolyzed.

Question 10

Which of the following is an advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity?

Accepted Answer

A) Extracellular digestion is not needed. 
B) Specialized regions are possible. 
C) Digestive enzymes can be more specific. 
D) Extensive branching is possible. 
E) Intracellular digestion is easier. 
A) Extracellular digestion is not needed. 
B) Specialized regions are possible. 
C) Digestive enzymes can be more specific. 
D) Extensive branching is possible. 
E) Intracellular digestion is easier.

Question 11

Bacteria are beneficial to animal nutrition, including that of humans. Which of the following is among their greatest benefits to us?

Accepted Answer

A) production of vitamins A and C 
B) generation of gases needed for elimination 
C) absorption of organic materials 
D) production of biotin and vitamin K 
E) recovery of water from fecal matter 
A) production of vitamins A and C 
B) generation of gases needed for elimination 
C) absorption of organic materials 
D) production of biotin and vitamin K 
E) recovery of water from fecal matter

Question 12

Intracellular digestion of peptides is usually immediately preceded by which process?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis 
B) endocytosis 
C) absorption 
D) elimination 
E) secretion 
A) hydrolysis 
B) endocytosis 
C) absorption 
D) elimination 
E) secretion

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes pepsin?

Accepted Answer

A) It is manufactured by the pancreas. 
B) It helps stabilize fat-water emulsions. 
C) It splits maltose into monosaccharides. 
D) It begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach. 
E) It is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH. 
A) It is manufactured by the pancreas. 
B) It helps stabilize fat-water emulsions. 
C) It splits maltose into monosaccharides. 
D) It begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach. 
E) It is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is True of mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) All foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B) After leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C) The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea. 
D) Enzyme production continues in the esophagus. 
E) The trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach. 
A) All foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B) After leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C) The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea. 
D) Enzyme production continues in the esophagus. 
E) The trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach.

Question 15

Individuals whose diet consists primarily of corn would likely become

Accepted Answer

A) obese. 
B) anorexic. 
C) overnourished. 
D) undernourished. 
E) malnourished. 
A) obese. 
B) anorexic. 
C) overnourished. 
D) undernourished. 
E) malnourished.

Question 16

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1.
   
Figure 41.1
-Where are the agents that help emulsify fat produced?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 8 
E) 9 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 8 
E) 9

Question 17

What is the substrate of salivary amylase?

Accepted Answer

A) protein 
B) starch 
C) sucrose 
D) glucose 
E) maltose 
A) protein 
B) starch 
C) sucrose 
D) glucose 
E) maltose

Question 18

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1.
   
Figure 41.1
-Where does the complete digestion of carbohydrates occur?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 only 
B) 4 only 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 1, 3, and 4 
A) 3 only 
B) 4 only 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 1, 3, and 4

Question 19

Most nutrients absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream are in which form?

Accepted Answer

A) disaccharides 
B) polymers 
C) monomers 
D) enzymes 
E) peptides 
A) disaccharides 
B) polymers 
C) monomers 
D) enzymes 
E) peptides

Question 20

Which of the following describes peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

A) a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B) voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C) the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D) a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration 
E) smooth muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal 
A) a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B) voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C) the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D) a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration 
E) smooth muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1. Figure 41.1 -How does the digestion and absorption of fat differ from that of carbohydrates?

Foods eaten by animals are most often composed largely of macromolecules. This requires the animals to have methods for which of the following?

In which group of animals would you expect to find a relatively long cecum?

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Numerous adult humans are currently treated for reflux disorders. However, at an earlier time in medical history these same individuals probably would have been diagnosed with gastric ulcers. Which of the following has most contributed to correct diagnosis of this problem?

Which of the following enzymes works most effectively at a very low pH?

Which of the following minerals is associated with its use in animals?

The symbiotic microbes that help nourish a ruminant live mainly in specialized regions of the

Which of the following is an advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity?

Bacteria are beneficial to animal nutrition, including that of humans. Which of the following is among their greatest benefits to us?

Intracellular digestion of peptides is usually immediately preceded by which process?

Which of the following statements describes pepsin?

Which of the following statements is True of mammals?

Individuals whose diet consists primarily of corn would likely become

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1. Figure 41.1 -Where are the agents that help emulsify fat produced?

What is the substrate of salivary amylase?

The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in Figure 41.1. Figure 41.1 -Where does the complete digestion of carbohydrates occur?

Most nutrients absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream are in which form?

Which of the following describes peristalsis in the digestive system?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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