Exam 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5 X the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, and about 17 X that of the cell's plasma membrane. What purpose must this serve?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂)would be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location?

Use the following information to answer the next questions. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO₂, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. -During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?

Figure 9.3 -Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

Refer to Figure 9.1 to answer the following questions. Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions. -Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?

Refer to Figure 9.1 to answer the following questions. Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions. -A molecule that is phosphorylated

Figure 9.3 -Which of the following normally occurs whether or not oxygen (O₂)is present?

Figure 9.3 -When muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, they become fatigued and painful. This is now known to be caused by

Use the following information to answer the next questions. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO₂, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. -These three steps result in the formation of

Refer to Figure 9.1 to answer the following questions. Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions. -Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules?

Figure 9.3 -Glycolysis is thought to be one of the most ancient of metabolic processes. Which statement supports this idea?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following?

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O₂)is present or absent?

Figure 9.3 -Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along this chain?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -A young animal has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition?

Figure 9.3 -An organism is discovered that consumes a considerable amount of sugar, yet does not gain much weight when denied air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as air is removed from the organism's environment, but the organism seems to thrive even in the absence of air. When returned to normal air, the organism does fine. Which of the following best describes the organism?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -During oxidative phosphorylation, H₂O is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water come from?