Question 1

Choose the adaptation below that best meets each particular challenge for life on land.
-protection from predators

Accepted Answer

A) tracheids and phloem 
B) secondary compounds 
C) cuticle 
D) alternation of generations 
A) tracheids and phloem 
B) secondary compounds 
C) cuticle 
D) alternation of generations B

Question 2

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from smallest to largest. 1. antheridia
2) gametes
3) gametophytes
4 )gametangia

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 4, 3, 2 
B) 3, 1, 2, 4 
C) 3, 4, 2, 1 
D) 3, 4, 1, 2 
E) 4, 3, 1, 2 
A) 1, 4, 3, 2 
B) 3, 1, 2, 4 
C) 3, 4, 2, 1 
D) 3, 4, 1, 2 
E) 4, 3, 1, 2 D

Question 3

The following are all True about the life cycle of mosses except

Accepted Answer

A) external water is required for fertilization. 
B) flagellated sperm are produced. 
C) antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes. 
D) the gametophyte generation is dominant. 
E) the growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte. 
A) external water is required for fertilization. 
B) flagellated sperm are produced. 
C) antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes. 
D) the gametophyte generation is dominant. 
E) the growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte. E

Question 4

This student has probably found a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) immature pine tree. 
B) bryophyte sporophyte. 
C) fern sporophyte. 
D) horsetail gametophyte. 
E) lycophyte sporophyte. 
A) immature pine tree. 
B) bryophyte sporophyte. 
C) fern sporophyte. 
D) horsetail gametophyte. 
E) lycophyte sporophyte.

Question 5

Whereas the zygotes of charophytes may remain within maternal tissues during their initial development, one should not expect to observe

Accepted Answer

A) any nutrients from maternal tissues being used by the zygotes. 
B) specialized placental transfer cells surrounding the zygotes. 
C) the zygotes undergoing nuclear division. 
D) mitochondria in the maternal tissues, or in the tissues of the zygotes. 
E) the zygotes digested by enzymes from maternal lysosomes. 
A) any nutrients from maternal tissues being used by the zygotes. 
B) specialized placental transfer cells surrounding the zygotes. 
C) the zygotes undergoing nuclear division. 
D) mitochondria in the maternal tissues, or in the tissues of the zygotes. 
E) the zygotes digested by enzymes from maternal lysosomes.

Question 6

Which of the following is True of seedless vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Extant seedless vascular plants are larger than the extinct varieties. 
B) Whole forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period. 
C) They produce many spores, which are really the same as seeds. 
D) The gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
E) Sphagnum is an economically and ecologically important example. 
A) Extant seedless vascular plants are larger than the extinct varieties. 
B) Whole forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period. 
C) They produce many spores, which are really the same as seeds. 
D) The gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
E) Sphagnum is an economically and ecologically important example.

Question 7

Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A) the development of seeds 
B) alternation of generations 
C) dominance of the diploid generation 
D) xylem and phloem 
E) the addition of lignin to cell walls 
A) the development of seeds 
B) alternation of generations 
C) dominance of the diploid generation 
D) xylem and phloem 
E) the addition of lignin to cell walls

Question 8

On a field trip, a student in a marine biology class collects an organism that has differentiated organs, cell walls of cellulose, and chloroplasts with chlorophyll a. Based on this description, the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, a charophyte recently washed into the ocean from a freshwater or brackish water source, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of which of the following features would definitively identify this organism as a land plant?

Accepted Answer

A) alternation of generations 
B) sporopollenin 
C) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
D) flagellated sperm 
E) embryos 
A) alternation of generations 
B) sporopollenin 
C) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
D) flagellated sperm 
E) embryos

Question 9

Which of the following is a secondary compound of embryophytes?

Accepted Answer

A) adenosine triphosphate 
B) alkaloids 
C) GDP 
D) chlorophyll a 
E) chlorophyll b 
A) adenosine triphosphate 
B) alkaloids 
C) GDP 
D) chlorophyll a 
E) chlorophyll b

Question 10

Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants?

Accepted Answer

A) sources of water 
B) sperm transfer 
C) desiccation 
D) animal predation 
E) absorbing enough light 
A) sources of water 
B) sperm transfer 
C) desiccation 
D) animal predation 
E) absorbing enough light

Question 11

Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?

Accepted Answer

A) Viridiplantae 
B) Plantae 
C) Pterophyta 
D) Bryophyta 
E) Charophycea 
A) Viridiplantae 
B) Plantae 
C) Pterophyta 
D) Bryophyta 
E) Charophycea

Question 12

Suppose a moss evolved an efficient conducting system that could transport water and other materials as far as a tree is tall. Four of the following five statements about "trees" of such a species are correct. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) Fertilization would probably be more difficult. 
B) Spore dispersal distances might increase but probably would not decrease. 
C) Females could only produce one archegonium. 
D) Unless its body parts were strengthened, such a "tree" might flop over. 
E) Individuals could compete more effectively for access to light. 
A) Fertilization would probably be more difficult. 
B) Spore dispersal distances might increase but probably would not decrease. 
C) Females could only produce one archegonium. 
D) Unless its body parts were strengthened, such a "tree" might flop over. 
E) Individuals could compete more effectively for access to light.

Question 13

Which of the following types of plants would not yet have been evolved in the forests that became coal deposits?

Accepted Answer

A) horsetails 
B) lycophytes 
C) pine trees 
D) tree ferns 
E) whisk ferns 
A) horsetails 
B) lycophytes 
C) pine trees 
D) tree ferns 
E) whisk ferns

Question 14

The 2-m height attainable by Polytrichum moss is at the upper end of the size range reached by mosses. What accounts for the relative tallness of Polytrichum?

Accepted Answer

A) the cuticle that is found along the ridges of "leaves" 
B) "leaves" that are more than one-cell-layer thick 
C) high humidity of surrounding air provides support against gravity 
D) reduced size, mass, and persistence of the sporophytes allows gametophores to grow taller 
E) the presence of conducting tissues in "stem" 
A) the cuticle that is found along the ridges of "leaves" 
B) "leaves" that are more than one-cell-layer thick 
C) high humidity of surrounding air provides support against gravity 
D) reduced size, mass, and persistence of the sporophytes allows gametophores to grow taller 
E) the presence of conducting tissues in "stem"

Question 15

In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the nuclear envelope disintegrates during mitosis. This disintegration does not occur in the cells of most protists and fungi. According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature mitosis most similar to that of land plants?

Accepted Answer

A) unicellular green algae 
B) cyanobacteria 
C) charophytes 
D) red algae 
E) multicellular green algae 
A) unicellular green algae 
B) cyanobacteria 
C) charophytes 
D) red algae 
E) multicellular green algae

Question 16

The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one- to two-cell-layers thick. Consequently, which of these is least likely to be found associated with such appendages?

Accepted Answer

A) cuticle 
B) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
C) stomata 
D) peroxisomes 
E) phenolics 
A) cuticle 
B) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
C) stomata 
D) peroxisomes 
E) phenolics

Question 17

Which of the following is not evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants?

Accepted Answer

A) similar sperm structure 
B) similarities in chloroplast shape 
C) similarities in cell wall formation during cell division 
D) genetic similarities in chloroplasts 
E) similarities in proteins that synthesize cellulose 
A) similar sperm structure 
B) similarities in chloroplast shape 
C) similarities in cell wall formation during cell division 
D) genetic similarities in chloroplasts 
E) similarities in proteins that synthesize cellulose

Question 18

Which of the following is a True statement about plant reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) "Embryophytes" are small because they are in an early developmental stage. 
B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. 
C) Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. 
D) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. 
E) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction. 
A) "Embryophytes" are small because they are in an early developmental stage. 
B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. 
C) Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. 
D) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. 
E) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominated life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) moss 
B) fern 
C) liverwort 
D) charophyte 
E) hornwort 
A) moss 
B) fern 
C) liverwort 
D) charophyte 
E) hornwort

Question 20

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in helping you correctly classify the plant?

Accepted Answer

A) whether it has True leaves or not 
B) whether it has microphylls or megaphylls 
C) whether or not it has seeds 
D) its height 
E) whether it has chlorophyll a or not 
A) whether it has True leaves or not 
B) whether it has microphylls or megaphylls 
C) whether or not it has seeds 
D) its height 
E) whether it has chlorophyll a or not

Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Choose the adaptation below that best meets each particular challenge for life on land. -protection from predators

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from smallest to largest. 1. antheridia 2) gametes 3) gametophytes 4 )gametangia

The following are all True about the life cycle of mosses except

This student has probably found a(n)

Whereas the zygotes of charophytes may remain within maternal tissues during their initial development, one should not expect to observe

Which of the following is True of seedless vascular plants?

Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants?

Which of the following is a secondary compound of embryophytes?

Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants?

Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?

Suppose a moss evolved an efficient conducting system that could transport water and other materials as far as a tree is tall. Four of the following five statements about "trees" of such a species are correct. Select the exception.

Which of the following types of plants would not yet have been evolved in the forests that became coal deposits?

The 2-m height attainable by Polytrichum moss is at the upper end of the size range reached by mosses. What accounts for the relative tallness of Polytrichum?

The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one- to two-cell-layers thick. Consequently, which of these is least likely to be found associated with such appendages?

Which of the following is not evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants?

Which of the following is a True statement about plant reproduction?

Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominated life cycle?

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in helping you correctly classify the plant?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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