Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1. spores 2) sporophylls 3) sporophytes 4) sporangia

Refer to the information below to answer the following questions. Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil, and carry away its nitrogen. They began with four equal-sized areas where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil surface. One of the four areas was not modified. In the second area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface. In the third area, the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the soil surface. In the fourth area, the mosses were trimmed all the way to the ground, leaving only the rhizoids. Water, simulating rainfall, was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of one year. Figure 29.2 below presents four graphs, which depict potential results of this experiment. (A) (C) (B) (D) Figure 29.2 -Which graph of soil nitrogen loss over time in Figure 29.2 most strongly supports the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer, then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil, and carry away its nitrogen?

A major change that occurred during the evolution of plants from their algal ancestors was the origin of a branched sporophyte. What advantage would branched sporophytes provide in this stage of the life cycle?

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it

The following are all adaptations to life on land except

Each of the following is a general characteristic of bryophytes except

The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant spores is to

Which of these should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land plants?

Microphylls are characteristic of which types of plants?

Two, small, poorly drained lakes lie close to each other in a northern forest. The basins of both lakes are composed of the same geologic substratum. One lake is surrounded by a dense Sphagnum mat; the other is not. Compared to the pond with Sphagnum, the pond lacking the moss mat should have

Choose the adaptation below that best meets each particular challenge for life on land. -transport of water, minerals, and nutrients

The following questions are based on the description and Figure 29.1 below, which is the same as Fig. 29.10 in the textbook. Researchers tested nitrogen loss from soil where the moss Polytrichum was growing, to soil from which Polytrichum had been removed. The data are presented below. Figure 29.1 -Loss of soil nitrogen via "gaseous emission" was found to be negligible. Rather, most loss of soil nitrogen was due to water erosion of the soil. Which of these hypotheses is least likely to account for the observed results?

Among bryophytes, only the sporophytes of mosses and hornworts have stomata, whereas stomata are missing from liverwort sporophytes. If the common ancestor of all bryophytes had sporophytes that bore stomata, then which of these might account for their absence from liverwort sporophytes? If, in contrast to early mosses and hornworts, early liverwort sporophytes had