Question 1

Although extinction is a natural process, current extinctions are of concern to environmentalists because

Accepted Answer

A) more animals than ever before are going extinct. 
B) most current extinctions are caused by introduced species. 
C) the rate of extinction is unusually high. 
D) current extinction is primarily affecting plant diversity. 
E) none of the above 
A) more animals than ever before are going extinct. 
B) most current extinctions are caused by introduced species. 
C) the rate of extinction is unusually high. 
D) current extinction is primarily affecting plant diversity. 
E) none of the above C

Question 2

Which of the following species was driven to extinction by overexploitation by hunters/fishermen?

Accepted Answer

A) African elephant 
B) the great auk 
C) North American bluefin tuna 
D) flying foxes 
E) American bison 
A) African elephant 
B) the great auk 
C) North American bluefin tuna 
D) flying foxes 
E) American bison B

Question 3

Which of the following is the most direct threat to biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A) increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide 
B) the depletion of the ozone layer 
C) overexploitation of species 
D) habitat destruction 
E) zoned reserves 
A) increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide 
B) the depletion of the ozone layer 
C) overexploitation of species 
D) habitat destruction 
E) zoned reserves D

Question 4

The most serious consequence of a loss in ecosystem biodiversity would be the

Accepted Answer

A) increase in global warming and thinning of the ozone layer. 
B) loss of ecosystem services on which people depend. 
C) increase in the abundance and diversity of edge-adapted species. 
D) loss of source of genetic diversity to preserve endangered species. 
E) loss of species for "bioprospecting." 
A) increase in global warming and thinning of the ozone layer. 
B) loss of ecosystem services on which people depend. 
C) increase in the abundance and diversity of edge-adapted species. 
D) loss of source of genetic diversity to preserve endangered species. 
E) loss of species for "bioprospecting."

Question 5

What is the effective population size (Ne)of a population of 50 strictly monogamous swans (40 males and 10 females)if every female breeds successfully?

Accepted Answer

A) 50 
B) 40 
C) 30 
D) 20 
E) 10 
A) 50 
B) 40 
C) 30 
D) 20 
E) 10

Question 6

The greatest cause of the biodiversity crisis that includes all of the others is

Accepted Answer

A) pollution. 
B) global warming. 
C) habitat destruction. 
D) introduced species. 
E) overpopulation of humans. 
A) pollution. 
B) global warming. 
C) habitat destruction. 
D) introduced species. 
E) overpopulation of humans.

Question 7

According to the small-population approach, what would be the best strategy for saving a population that is in an extinction vortex?

Accepted Answer

A) determining the minimum viable population size by taking into account the effective population size 
B) establishing a nature reserve to protect its habitat 
C) introducing individuals from other populations to increase genetic variation 
D) determining and remedying the cause of its decline 
E) reducing the population size of its predators and competitors 
A) determining the minimum viable population size by taking into account the effective population size 
B) establishing a nature reserve to protect its habitat 
C) introducing individuals from other populations to increase genetic variation 
D) determining and remedying the cause of its decline 
E) reducing the population size of its predators and competitors

Question 8

Approximately what percent of the world's land area has been established as reserves to protect biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A) less than 1% 
B) 3% 
C) 7% 
D) 12% 
E) 20% 
A) less than 1% 
B) 3% 
C) 7% 
D) 12% 
E) 20%

Question 9

Which of the following would be research in which a conservation biologist would be involved?

Accepted Answer

A) reestablishing whooping cranes in their former breeding grounds in North Dakota 
B) studying species diversity and interaction in the Florida Everglades, past and present 
C) population ecology of grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park 
D) the effects of hunting on white-tailed deer in Vermont 
E) the effect of protection programs on the recovery of the North Atlantic cod fishery 
A) reestablishing whooping cranes in their former breeding grounds in North Dakota 
B) studying species diversity and interaction in the Florida Everglades, past and present 
C) population ecology of grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park 
D) the effects of hunting on white-tailed deer in Vermont 
E) the effect of protection programs on the recovery of the North Atlantic cod fishery

Question 10

Which of the following is True about "hot spots"?

Accepted Answer

A) 1/3 of all species on Earth occupy less that 1.5% of the earth's land area. 
B) All of the plants and animals containing genes that may be useful to humankind are located in the Earth's hot spots. 
C) 75% of all of the undiscovered species of organisms live in ecological hot spots. 
D) As conservation measures improve over the next ten years hot spots will likely disappear. 
E) The hot spots that are in most dire need of remediation are located in the tundra. 
A) 1/3 of all species on Earth occupy less that 1.5% of the earth's land area. 
B) All of the plants and animals containing genes that may be useful to humankind are located in the Earth's hot spots. 
C) 75% of all of the undiscovered species of organisms live in ecological hot spots. 
D) As conservation measures improve over the next ten years hot spots will likely disappear. 
E) The hot spots that are in most dire need of remediation are located in the tundra.

Question 11

Of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity, which one is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) About 25% of Earth's land area is now protected. 
B) National parks are one of many types of protected area. 
C) Most protected areas are too small to protect species. 
D) Management of a protected area should be coordinated with management of the land surrounding the area. 
E) It is especially important to protect biodiversity hot spots. 
A) About 25% of Earth's land area is now protected. 
B) National parks are one of many types of protected area. 
C) Most protected areas are too small to protect species. 
D) Management of a protected area should be coordinated with management of the land surrounding the area. 
E) It is especially important to protect biodiversity hot spots.

Question 12

Introduced species can have deleterious effects on biological communities by

Accepted Answer

A) preying on native species. 
B) competing with native species for food or light. 
C) displacing native species. 
D) competing with native species for space or breeding/nesting habitat. 
E) A, B, C, and D 
A) preying on native species. 
B) competing with native species for food or light. 
C) displacing native species. 
D) competing with native species for space or breeding/nesting habitat. 
E) A, B, C, and D

Question 13

Which of the following is a method of predicting the likelihood that a species will persist in a particular environment?

Accepted Answer

A) source-sink analysis 
B) population viability analysis 
C) minimum viable population size 
D) extinction vortex 
E) effective population size 
A) source-sink analysis 
B) population viability analysis 
C) minimum viable population size 
D) extinction vortex 
E) effective population size

Question 14

Overexploitation encourages extinction and is most likely to affect

Accepted Answer

A) animals that occupy a broad ecological niche. 
B) large animals with low intrinsic reproductive rates. 
C) most organisms that live in the oceans. 
D) terrestrial organisms more than aquatic organisms. 
E) edge-adapted species. 
A) animals that occupy a broad ecological niche. 
B) large animals with low intrinsic reproductive rates. 
C) most organisms that live in the oceans. 
D) terrestrial organisms more than aquatic organisms. 
E) edge-adapted species.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is correct about landscape ecology?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the application of ecological principles to the design and construction of sustainable lawns and gardens. 
B) It is the application of ecological principles to land-use planning. 
C) It focuses primarily on human-altered ecological systems. 
D) It deals primarily with ecosystems in urban settings. 
E) It deals with the study of the home ranges of various animals. 
A) It is the application of ecological principles to the design and construction of sustainable lawns and gardens. 
B) It is the application of ecological principles to land-use planning. 
C) It focuses primarily on human-altered ecological systems. 
D) It deals primarily with ecosystems in urban settings. 
E) It deals with the study of the home ranges of various animals.

Question 16

Which of the following conditions is the most likely indicator of a population in an extinction vortex?

Accepted Answer

A) The population is geographically divided into smaller populations. 
B) The species is found only in small pockets of its former range 
C) The effective population size of the species falls below 500. 
D) Genetic measurements indicate a continuing loss of genetic variation. 
E) The population is no longer connected by corridors. 
A) The population is geographically divided into smaller populations. 
B) The species is found only in small pockets of its former range 
C) The effective population size of the species falls below 500. 
D) Genetic measurements indicate a continuing loss of genetic variation. 
E) The population is no longer connected by corridors.

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

A) adding nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to a degraded ecosystem to increase nitrogen availability 
B) using a bulldozer to regrade a strip mine 
C) identifying a new biodiversity hot spot 
D) reconfiguring the channel of a river 
E) adding seeds of a chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated by chromium 
A) adding nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to a degraded ecosystem to increase nitrogen availability 
B) using a bulldozer to regrade a strip mine 
C) identifying a new biodiversity hot spot 
D) reconfiguring the channel of a river 
E) adding seeds of a chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated by chromium

Question 18

What is the term for a top predator that contributes to the maintenance of species diversity among its animal prey?

Accepted Answer

A) keystone species 
B) keystone mutualist 
C) landscape species 
D) primary consumer 
E) tertiary consumer 
A) keystone species 
B) keystone mutualist 
C) landscape species 
D) primary consumer 
E) tertiary consumer

Question 19

Which of the following species has been shown to be most susceptible to habitat fragmentation?

Accepted Answer

A) Red-cockaded woodpecker 
B) humpback whale 
C) Canada goose 
D) Nile perch 
E) zebra mussel 
A) Red-cockaded woodpecker 
B) humpback whale 
C) Canada goose 
D) Nile perch 
E) zebra mussel

Question 20

Which of the following would a landscape ecologist consider in designing a nature reserve?

Accepted Answer

A) patterns of landscape use by humans 
B) human economic concerns 
C) possible edge effects related to human activities 
D) nature viewing sites 
E) A, B, C, and D are all correct 
A) patterns of landscape use by humans 
B) human economic concerns 
C) possible edge effects related to human activities 
D) nature viewing sites 
E) A, B, C, and D are all correct

Exam 56: Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Although extinction is a natural process, current extinctions are of concern to environmentalists because

Which of the following species was driven to extinction by overexploitation by hunters/fishermen?

Which of the following is the most direct threat to biodiversity?

The most serious consequence of a loss in ecosystem biodiversity would be the

What is the effective population size (Ne)of a population of 50 strictly monogamous swans (40 males and 10 females)if every female breeds successfully?

The greatest cause of the biodiversity crisis that includes all of the others is

According to the small-population approach, what would be the best strategy for saving a population that is in an extinction vortex?

Approximately what percent of the world's land area has been established as reserves to protect biodiversity?

Which of the following would be research in which a conservation biologist would be involved?

Which of the following is True about "hot spots"?

Of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity, which one is not correct?

Introduced species can have deleterious effects on biological communities by

Which of the following is a method of predicting the likelihood that a species will persist in a particular environment?

Overexploitation encourages extinction and is most likely to affect

Which of the following statements is correct about landscape ecology?

Which of the following conditions is the most likely indicator of a population in an extinction vortex?

Which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation?

What is the term for a top predator that contributes to the maintenance of species diversity among its animal prey?

Which of the following species has been shown to be most susceptible to habitat fragmentation?

Which of the following would a landscape ecologist consider in designing a nature reserve?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Filters