Question 1

Modern conservation science increasingly aims at

Accepted Answer

A) protecting federally listed endangered species. 
B) lobbying for strict enforcement of the U.S. Endangered Species Act. 
C) sustaining biodiversity of entire ecosystems and communities. 
D) maintaining all genetic diversity within all species. 
E) saving as much habitat as possible from development and exploitation. 
A) protecting federally listed endangered species. 
B) lobbying for strict enforcement of the U.S. Endangered Species Act. 
C) sustaining biodiversity of entire ecosystems and communities. 
D) maintaining all genetic diversity within all species. 
E) saving as much habitat as possible from development and exploitation.

Question 2

What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A) overexploitation of commercially important species 
B) introduced species that compete with or prey on native species 
C) pollution of Earth's air, water, and soil 
D) disruption of trophic relationships as more and more prey species become extinct 
E) habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction 
A) overexploitation of commercially important species 
B) introduced species that compete with or prey on native species 
C) pollution of Earth's air, water, and soil 
D) disruption of trophic relationships as more and more prey species become extinct 
E) habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction

Question 3

Which of the following statements about biodiversity hot spots for plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) They are locations that have high concentrations of endemic species. 
B) They consist of large numbers of surprisingly common species. 
C) They only involve terrestrial plants. 
D) They make up a total of about 15% of the global land surface. 
E) They are all geographically situated in the tropics. 
A) They are locations that have high concentrations of endemic species. 
B) They consist of large numbers of surprisingly common species. 
C) They only involve terrestrial plants. 
D) They make up a total of about 15% of the global land surface. 
E) They are all geographically situated in the tropics.

Question 4

A population of strictly monogamous swans consists of 40 males and 10 females. What is the effective population size (Ne)for this population?

Accepted Answer

A) 50 
B) 40 
C) 32 
D) 20 
E) 10 
A) 50 
B) 40 
C) 32 
D) 20 
E) 10

Question 5

Which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase the genetic diversity of a population in an extinction vortex?

Accepted Answer

A) Capture all remaining individuals in the population for captive breeding followed by reintroduction to the wild. 
B) Establish a reserve that protects the population's habitat. 
C) Introduce new individuals transported from other populations of the same species. 
D) Sterilize the least fit individuals in the population. 
E) Control populations of the endangered population's predators and competitors. 
A) Capture all remaining individuals in the population for captive breeding followed by reintroduction to the wild. 
B) Establish a reserve that protects the population's habitat. 
C) Introduce new individuals transported from other populations of the same species. 
D) Sterilize the least fit individuals in the population. 
E) Control populations of the endangered population's predators and competitors.

Question 6

Which of the following nations has become a world leader in the establishment of zoned reserves?

Accepted Answer

A) Costa Rica 
B) Canada 
C) China 
D) United States 
E) Mexico 
A) Costa Rica 
B) Canada 
C) China 
D) United States 
E) Mexico

Question 7

Which of the following poses the greatest potential threat to biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A) replanting after a clear cut, a monoculture of Douglas fir trees on land that consisted of old growth Douglas fir, western cedar, and western hemlock 
B) allowing previously used farmland go fallow and begin to fill in with weeds and then shrubs and saplings 
C) trapping and relocating large predators, such as mountain lions, that pose a threat as they move into areas of relatively dense human populations 
D) importing an Asian insect into the United States to control a weed that competes with staple crops 
E) releasing sterilized rainbow trout to boost the sport fishing of a river system that contains native brook trout 
A) replanting after a clear cut, a monoculture of Douglas fir trees on land that consisted of old growth Douglas fir, western cedar, and western hemlock 
B) allowing previously used farmland go fallow and begin to fill in with weeds and then shrubs and saplings 
C) trapping and relocating large predators, such as mountain lions, that pose a threat as they move into areas of relatively dense human populations 
D) importing an Asian insect into the United States to control a weed that competes with staple crops 
E) releasing sterilized rainbow trout to boost the sport fishing of a river system that contains native brook trout

Question 8

The introduction of the brown tree snake in the 1940s to the island of Guam has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) eradication of nonnative rats and other undesirable/pest species. 
B) the extirpation of many of the island's bird and reptile species. 
C) a good lesson in biological control. 
D) new species of hybrids from breeding with native snake species. 
E) failure to compete with native species and its quick elimination from the island. 
A) eradication of nonnative rats and other undesirable/pest species. 
B) the extirpation of many of the island's bird and reptile species. 
C) a good lesson in biological control. 
D) new species of hybrids from breeding with native snake species. 
E) failure to compete with native species and its quick elimination from the island.

Question 9

Which of the following is True about the current research about forest fragmentation?

Accepted Answer

A) Fragmented forests support a greater biodiversity because they result in the combination of forest-edge species and forest interior species. 
B) Fragmented forests support a lesser biodiversity because the forested-adapted species leave, and only the edge and open-field species can occupy fragmented forests. 
C) Fragmented forests are the goal of conservation biologists who design wildlife preserves. 
D) Harvesting timber that results in forest fragmentation results in less soil erosion. 
E) The disturbance of timber extraction causes the species diversity to increase because of the new habitats created. 
A) Fragmented forests support a greater biodiversity because they result in the combination of forest-edge species and forest interior species. 
B) Fragmented forests support a lesser biodiversity because the forested-adapted species leave, and only the edge and open-field species can occupy fragmented forests. 
C) Fragmented forests are the goal of conservation biologists who design wildlife preserves. 
D) Harvesting timber that results in forest fragmentation results in less soil erosion. 
E) The disturbance of timber extraction causes the species diversity to increase because of the new habitats created.

Question 10

How might the extinction of some Pacific Island bats called "flying foxes" threaten the survival of over 75% of the tree species in those islands?

Accepted Answer

A) The bats eat the insects that harm competitor plants. 
B) The bats consume the fruit including the seeds that would be part of the trees' reproductive cycle. 
C) The bats roost in the trees and fertilize soil around the trees with their nitrogen-rich droppings. 
D) The bats pollinate the trees and disperse seeds. 
E) The bats pierce the fruit, which allows the seeds to germinate. 
A) The bats eat the insects that harm competitor plants. 
B) The bats consume the fruit including the seeds that would be part of the trees' reproductive cycle. 
C) The bats roost in the trees and fertilize soil around the trees with their nitrogen-rich droppings. 
D) The bats pollinate the trees and disperse seeds. 
E) The bats pierce the fruit, which allows the seeds to germinate.

Question 11

Use what you know about ecosystem stability and the information provided in the graph below to answer the following question
-Which community (A-E)would likely be the most "biodiverse"?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

The Nile perch (Lates niloticus)is a good example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) predator that has negatively affected biodiversity in ecosystems where it has been introduced. 
B) endangered endemic species. 
C) recently created protein source for the highly populated regions of Africa. 
D) threatened anadromous species in the Nile River watershed. 
E) primary consumer and a secondary consumer. 
A) predator that has negatively affected biodiversity in ecosystems where it has been introduced. 
B) endangered endemic species. 
C) recently created protein source for the highly populated regions of Africa. 
D) threatened anadromous species in the Nile River watershed. 
E) primary consumer and a secondary consumer.

Question 13

What is the estimated number of extant species on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) 1,000 to 50,000 
B) 50,000 to 150,000 
C) 500,000 to 1,000,000 
D) 10,000,000 to 200,000,000 
E) 5 billion-10 billion 
A) 1,000 to 50,000 
B) 50,000 to 150,000 
C) 500,000 to 1,000,000 
D) 10,000,000 to 200,000,000 
E) 5 billion-10 billion

Question 14

A movement corridor

Accepted Answer

A) is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their wintering locales. 
B) is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range. 
C) unites otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat. 
D) is always beneficial to a species. 
E) is always some natural component of the environment. 
A) is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their wintering locales. 
B) is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range. 
C) unites otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat. 
D) is always beneficial to a species. 
E) is always some natural component of the environment.

Question 15

The long-term problem with Red-cockaded woodpecker habitat intervention in the southwest United States is

Accepted Answer

A) the only habitat that can support their recovery is large tracts of mature southern pine forest. 
B) the mature pine forests in which they live cannot ever be subjected to forest fire. 
C) all of the appropriate Red-cockaded woodpecker habitat has already been logged or converted to agricultural land. 
D) the social organization of the Red-cockaded woodpecker precludes the dispersal of reproductive individuals. 
E) what habitat remains for the Red-cockaded woodpecker does not contain trees suitable for nest cavity construction. 
A) the only habitat that can support their recovery is large tracts of mature southern pine forest. 
B) the mature pine forests in which they live cannot ever be subjected to forest fire. 
C) all of the appropriate Red-cockaded woodpecker habitat has already been logged or converted to agricultural land. 
D) the social organization of the Red-cockaded woodpecker precludes the dispersal of reproductive individuals. 
E) what habitat remains for the Red-cockaded woodpecker does not contain trees suitable for nest cavity construction.

Question 16

One characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most other populations is that

Accepted Answer

A) its habitat is fragmented. 
B) it is a rare, top-level predator. 
C) its effective population size is much lower than its total population size. 
D) its genetic diversity is very low. 
E) it is not well adapted to edge conditions. 
A) its habitat is fragmented. 
B) it is a rare, top-level predator. 
C) its effective population size is much lower than its total population size. 
D) its genetic diversity is very low. 
E) it is not well adapted to edge conditions.

Question 17

Estimates of current rates of extinction

Accepted Answer

A) indicate that we have reached a state of stable equilibrium in which speciation and extinction rates are approximately equal. 
B) suggest that one-half of all animal and plant species may be gone by the year 2100. 
C) indicate that rates may be greater than the mass extinctions at the close of the Cretaceous period. 
D) indicate that only 1% of all of the species that have ever lived on Earth are still alive. 
E) suggest that rates of extinction have decreased globally. 
A) indicate that we have reached a state of stable equilibrium in which speciation and extinction rates are approximately equal. 
B) suggest that one-half of all animal and plant species may be gone by the year 2100. 
C) indicate that rates may be greater than the mass extinctions at the close of the Cretaceous period. 
D) indicate that only 1% of all of the species that have ever lived on Earth are still alive. 
E) suggest that rates of extinction have decreased globally.

Question 18

To better comprehend the magnitude of current extinctions, it will be necessary to

Accepted Answer

A) monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide levels more closely. 
B) differentiate between plant extinction and animal extinction numbers. 
C) focus on identifying more species of mammals and birds. 
D) identify more of the yet unknown species of organisms on Earth. 
E) use the average extinction rates of vertebrates as a baseline. 
A) monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide levels more closely. 
B) differentiate between plant extinction and animal extinction numbers. 
C) focus on identifying more species of mammals and birds. 
D) identify more of the yet unknown species of organisms on Earth. 
E) use the average extinction rates of vertebrates as a baseline.

Question 19

According to most conservation biologists, the single greatest threat to global biodiversity is

Accepted Answer

A) chemical pollution of water and air. 
B) stratospheric ozone depletion. 
C) insufficient recycling programs for nonrenewable resources. 
D) alteration or destruction of the physical habitat. 
E) global climate change resulting from a variety of human activities. 
A) chemical pollution of water and air. 
B) stratospheric ozone depletion. 
C) insufficient recycling programs for nonrenewable resources. 
D) alteration or destruction of the physical habitat. 
E) global climate change resulting from a variety of human activities.

Question 20

Relatively small geographic areas with high concentrations of endemic species are known as

Accepted Answer

A) endemic sinks. 
B) critical communities. 
C) biodiversity hot spots. 
D) endemic metapopulations. 
E) bottlenecks. 
A) endemic sinks. 
B) critical communities. 
C) biodiversity hot spots. 
D) endemic metapopulations. 
E) bottlenecks.

Exam 56: Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Modern conservation science increasingly aims at

What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity?

Which of the following statements about biodiversity hot spots for plants is correct?

A population of strictly monogamous swans consists of 40 males and 10 females. What is the effective population size (Ne)for this population?

Which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase the genetic diversity of a population in an extinction vortex?

Which of the following nations has become a world leader in the establishment of zoned reserves?

Which of the following poses the greatest potential threat to biodiversity?

The introduction of the brown tree snake in the 1940s to the island of Guam has resulted in

Which of the following is True about the current research about forest fragmentation?

How might the extinction of some Pacific Island bats called "flying foxes" threaten the survival of over 75% of the tree species in those islands?

Use what you know about ecosystem stability and the information provided in the graph below to answer the following question -Which community (A-E)would likely be the most "biodiverse"?

The Nile perch (Lates niloticus)is a good example of a(n)

What is the estimated number of extant species on Earth?

A movement corridor

The long-term problem with Red-cockaded woodpecker habitat intervention in the southwest United States is

One characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most other populations is that

Estimates of current rates of extinction

To better comprehend the magnitude of current extinctions, it will be necessary to

According to most conservation biologists, the single greatest threat to global biodiversity is

Relatively small geographic areas with high concentrations of endemic species are known as

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Filters