Question 1

Which of the following molecules contains the strongest polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A) H₂ 
B) O₂ 
C) CO₂ 
D) H₂O 
E) CH₄ 
A) H₂ 
B) O₂ 
C) CO₂ 
D) H₂O 
E) CH₄ D

Question 2

An atom with an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19 would have an atomic mass of approximately

Accepted Answer

A) 9 daltons. 
B) 9 grams. 
C) 10 daltons. 
D) 20 grams. 
E) 19 daltons. 
A) 9 daltons. 
B) 9 grams. 
C) 10 daltons. 
D) 20 grams. 
E) 19 daltons. E

Question 3

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products?
C₆H₁₂O₆ → ___ C₂H₆O + ___ CO₂

Accepted Answer

A) 1; 2 
B) 2; 2 
C) 1; 3 
D) 1; 1 
E) 3; 1 
A) 1; 2 
B) 2; 2 
C) 1; 3 
D) 1; 1 
E) 3; 1 B

Question 4

A group of molecular biologists is trying to synthesize a new artificial compound to mimic the effects of a known hormone that influences sexual behavior. They have turned to you for advice. Which of the following compounds is most likely to mimic the effects of the hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) a compound with the same number of carbon atoms as the hormone 
B) a compound with the same molecular mass (measured in daltons)as the hormone 
C) a compound with the same three-dimensional shape as part of the hormone 
D) a compound with the same number of orbital electrons as the hormone 
E) a compound with the same number of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms as the hormone 
A) a compound with the same number of carbon atoms as the hormone 
B) a compound with the same molecular mass (measured in daltons)as the hormone 
C) a compound with the same three-dimensional shape as part of the hormone 
D) a compound with the same number of orbital electrons as the hormone 
E) a compound with the same number of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms as the hormone

Question 5

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions.
  
-Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 6

Each element is unique and different from other elements because of the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. Which of the following indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) atomic mass 
B) atomic weight 
C) atomic number 
D) mass weight 
E) mass number 
A) atomic mass 
B) atomic weight 
C) atomic number 
D) mass weight 
E) mass number

Question 7

The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when

Accepted Answer

A) chlorine gains an electron from sodium. 
B) sodium and chlorine share an electron pair. 
C) sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells. 
D) sodium gains an electron from chlorine. 
E) chlorine gains a proton from sodium. 
A) chlorine gains an electron from sodium. 
B) sodium and chlorine share an electron pair. 
C) sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells. 
D) sodium gains an electron from chlorine. 
E) chlorine gains a proton from sodium.

Question 8

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 3?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer...

Question 9

$3$ H is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. One difference between hydrogen-1 ( $\begin{array} { l } 
1 \
1
\end{array}$ H)and hydrogen-3 ( $\begin{array} { l } 
3 \
1
\end{array}$ H)is that hydrogen-3 has

Accepted Answer

A) one more neutron and one more proton than hydrogen-1. 
B) one more proton and one more electron than hydrogen-1. 
C) one more electron and one more neutron than hydrogen-1. 
D) two more neutrons than hydrogen-1. 
E) two more protons than hydrogen-1. 
A) one more neutron and one more proton than hydrogen-1. 
B) one more proton and one more electron than hydrogen-1. 
C) one more electron and one more neutron than hydrogen-1. 
D) two more neutrons than hydrogen-1. 
E) two more protons than hydrogen-1.

Question 10

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen 
B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium 
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen 
E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium 
A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen 
B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium 
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen 
E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium

Question 11

Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another?

Accepted Answer

A) nonpolar covalent bond 
B) polar covalent bond 
C) ionic bond 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) hydrophobic interaction 
A) nonpolar covalent bond 
B) polar covalent bond 
C) ionic bond 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) hydrophobic interaction

Question 12

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 2?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer...

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below?
$\begin{array} { l l } 
\text { Atom 1 } & \text { Atom 2 } \
{ } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H } & { } _ { 1 } ^ { 3 } \mathrm { H }
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A) They are isomers. 
B) They are polymers. 
C) They are isotopes. 
D) They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively. 
E) They each contain 1 neutron. 
A) They are isomers. 
B) They are polymers. 
C) They are isotopes. 
D) They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively. 
E) They each contain 1 neutron.

Question 14

If an atom of sulfur (atomic number 16)were allowed to react with atoms of hydrogen (atomic number 1), which of the molecules below would be formed?

Accepted Answer

A) S- H 
B) H- S -H 
C)  
  
D)    
E) H=S=H 
A) S- H 
B) H- S -H 
C)  
  
D)    
E) H=S=H

Question 15

The reactivity of an atom arises from

Accepted Answer

A) the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. 
B) the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. 
C) the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. 
D) the potential energy of the valence shell. 
E) the energy difference between the s and p orbitals. 
A) the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. 
B) the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. 
C) the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. 
D) the potential energy of the valence shell. 
E) the energy difference between the s and p orbitals.

Question 16

Atoms can be represented by simply listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for example, 2p⁺; 2n⁰; 2e⁻ for helium. Which one of the following lists represents the 18O isotope of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) 6p⁺; 8n⁰; 6e⁻ 
B) 8p⁺; 10n⁰; 8e⁻ 
C) 9p⁺; 9n⁰; 9e⁻ 
D) 7p⁺; 2n⁰; 9e⁻ 
E) 10p⁺; 8n⁰; 9e⁻ 
A) 6p⁺; 8n⁰; 6e⁻ 
B) 8p⁺; 10n⁰; 8e⁻ 
C) 9p⁺; 9n⁰; 9e⁻ 
D) 7p⁺; 2n⁰; 9e⁻ 
E) 10p⁺; 8n⁰; 9e⁻

Question 17

Use the information extracted from the periodic table in Figure 2.2 to answer the following questions.

-What is the maximum number of electrons in a 2p orbital of an atom?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 18

Which of the following is not considered to be a weak molecular interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) a covalent bond 
B) a van der Waals interaction 
C) an ionic bond in the presence of water 
D) a hydrogen bond 
E) A and B only 
A) a covalent bond 
B) a van der Waals interaction 
C) an ionic bond in the presence of water 
D) a hydrogen bond 
E) A and B only

Question 19

One difference between carbon-12 ( $\begin{array} { r } 
12 \
6
\end{array}$ C)and carbon-14 ( $\begin{array} { r } 
14 \
6
\end{array}$ C)is that carbon-14 has

Accepted Answer

A) two more protons than carbon-12. 
B) two more electrons than carbon-12. 
C) two more neutrons than carbon-12. 
D) A and C only 
E) B and C only 
A) two more protons than carbon-12. 
B) two more electrons than carbon-12. 
C) two more neutrons than carbon-12. 
D) A and C only 
E) B and C only

Question 20

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which drawing is of an atom with the atomic number of 6?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer...

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Which of the following molecules contains the strongest polar covalent bond?

An atom with an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19 would have an atomic mass of approximately

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C₆H₁₂O₆ → ___ C₂H₆O + ___ CO₂

A group of molecular biologists is trying to synthesize a new artificial compound to mimic the effects of a known hormone that influences sexual behavior. They have turned to you for advice. Which of the following compounds is most likely to mimic the effects of the hormone?

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions. -Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form an ionic bond?

Each element is unique and different from other elements because of the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. Which of the following indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus?

The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions. -Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 3?

333 H is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. One difference between hydrogen-1 ( 1 1 H)and hydrogen-3 ( 3 1 H)is that hydrogen-3 has

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another?

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions. -Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 2?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below? Atom 1 Atom 2

If an atom of sulfur (atomic number 16)were allowed to react with atoms of hydrogen (atomic number 1), which of the molecules below would be formed?

The reactivity of an atom arises from

Atoms can be represented by simply listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for example, 2p⁺; 2n⁰; 2e⁻ for helium. Which one of the following lists represents the 18O isotope of oxygen?

Use the information extracted from the periodic table in Figure 2.2 to answer the following questions. -What is the maximum number of electrons in a 2p orbital of an atom?

Which of the following is not considered to be a weak molecular interaction?

One difference between carbon-12 ( 12 6 C)and carbon-14 ( 14 6 C)is that carbon-14 has

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions. -Which drawing is of an atom with the atomic number of 6?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Filters

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C₆H₁₂O₆ → _ C₂H₆O + _ CO₂

$3$ H is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. One difference between hydrogen-1 ( 1 1 H)and hydrogen-3 ( 3 1 H)is that hydrogen-3 has