Question 1

Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis. 
B) meiosis I. 
C) meiosis II. 
D) fertilization. 
E) binary fission. 
A) mitosis. 
B) meiosis I. 
C) meiosis II. 
D) fertilization. 
E) binary fission. B

Question 2

Which of these statements is False?

Accepted Answer

A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. 
B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX)or male (XY). 
C) Single, haploid (n)sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. 
D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. 
E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization. 
A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. 
B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX)or male (XY). 
C) Single, haploid (n)sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. 
D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. 
E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization. D

Question 3

Chiasmata are what we see under a microscope that let us know which of the following is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) Asexual reproduction 
B) Meiosis II 
C) Anaphase II 
D) Crossing over 
E) Separation of homologs 
A) Asexual reproduction 
B) Meiosis II 
C) Anaphase II 
D) Crossing over 
E) Separation of homologs D

Question 4

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions.

-In part III of Figure 13.1, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series?

Accepted Answer

A) Zygote, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis 
B) Sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization 
C) Fertilization, mitosis, multicellular haploid, mitosis, spores, sporophyte 
D) Gametophyte, meiosis, zygote, spores, sporophyte, zygote 
E) Meiosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis, adult, meiosis 
A) Zygote, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis 
B) Sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization 
C) Fertilization, mitosis, multicellular haploid, mitosis, spores, sporophyte 
D) Gametophyte, meiosis, zygote, spores, sporophyte, zygote 
E) Meiosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis, adult, meiosis

Question 5

What is a genome?

Accepted Answer

A) The complete complement of an organism's genes 
B) A specific set of polypeptides within each cell 
C) A specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomers 
D) A specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosome 
E) An ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest 
A) The complete complement of an organism's genes 
B) A specific set of polypeptides within each cell 
C) A specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomers 
D) A specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosome 
E) An ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest

Question 6

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase IV. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A) Homologous chromosomes are separated. 
B) The chromosome number per cell is conserved. 
C) Sister chromatids are separated. 
D) Four daughter cells are formed. 
E) The sperm cells elongate to form a head and a tail end. 
A) Homologous chromosomes are separated. 
B) The chromosome number per cell is conserved. 
C) Sister chromatids are separated. 
D) Four daughter cells are formed. 
E) The sperm cells elongate to form a head and a tail end.

Question 7

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. 
A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 8

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be

Accepted Answer

A) 0.25x. 
B) 0.5x. 
C) x. 
D) 2x. 
E) 4x. 
A) 0.25x. 
B) 0.5x. 
C) x. 
D) 2x. 
E) 4x.

Question 9

Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamete 
B) Zygote 
C) Multicellular diploid 
D) Multicellular haploid 
E) Unicellular diploid 
A) Gamete 
B) Zygote 
C) Multicellular diploid 
D) Multicellular haploid 
E) Unicellular diploid

Question 10

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which of the life cycles is typical for animals?

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Question 11

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

Accepted Answer

A) Late prophase of meiosis I 
B) During fertilization or fusion of gametes 
C) Early anaphase of meiosis I 
D) Mid-prophase of meiosis II 
E) Late metaphase of meiosis II 
A) Late prophase of meiosis I 
B) During fertilization or fusion of gametes 
C) Early anaphase of meiosis I 
D) Mid-prophase of meiosis II 
E) Late metaphase of meiosis II

Question 12

How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8)?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32

Question 13

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists?

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Question 14

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
  
-Chromatids are separated from each other.

Accepted Answer

A) The statement is True for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is True for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is True for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis II. 
A) The statement is True for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is True for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is True for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis II.

Question 15

Refer to the following information and Figure 13.4 to answer the following questions.
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene, as shown in Figure 13.4.
 Chromosome 12 :

Chromosome 19:  
-A certain female's chromosomes 12 both have the blue gene and chromosomes 19 both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her resulting eggs (ova)may have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Either two chromosomes 12 with blue genes or two with orange genes 
B) Either two chromosomes 19 with long genes or two with short genes 
C) Either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long and one short gene 
D) One chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene 
A) Either two chromosomes 12 with blue genes or two with orange genes 
B) Either two chromosomes 19 with long genes or two with short genes 
C) Either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long and one short gene 
D) One chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene

Question 16

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase IV. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle; alignment determines independent assortment.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) VII 
E) VIII 
A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) VII 
E) VIII

Question 17

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-Which sample might represent a sperm cell?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Either I or II 
E) Either II or III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Either I or II 
E) Either II or III

Question 18

The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitosis in her ovary 
B) Metaphase I of one meiotic event 
C) Telophase II of one meiotic event 
D) Telophase I of one meiotic event 
E) Either anaphase I or II 
A) Mitosis in her ovary 
B) Metaphase I of one meiotic event 
C) Telophase II of one meiotic event 
D) Telophase I of one meiotic event 
E) Either anaphase I or II

Question 19

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

Accepted Answer

A) sister chromatids separate during anaphase. 
B) DNA replicates before the division. 
C) the daughter cells are diploid. 
D) homologous chromosomes synapse. 
E) the chromosome number is reduced. 
A) sister chromatids separate during anaphase. 
B) DNA replicates before the division. 
C) the daughter cells are diploid. 
D) homologous chromosomes synapse. 
E) the chromosome number is reduced.

Question 20

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-Which sample of DNA might be from a nerve cell arrested in G₀ of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Either I or II 
E) Either II or III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Either I or II 
E) Either II or III

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during

Which of these statements is False?

Chiasmata are what we see under a microscope that let us know which of the following is occurring?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions. -In part III of Figure 13.1, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series?

What is a genome?

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase IV. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be

Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions. -Which of the life cycles is typical for animals?

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8)?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions. -Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some protists?

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions. -Chromatids are separated from each other.

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. -Which sample might represent a sperm cell?

The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

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Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

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Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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