Question 1

-Shown here in Figure 4.2 are the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Accepted Answer

A) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B) types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C) arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D) number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E) answers A, B, and C 
A) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B) types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C) arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D) number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E) answers A, B, and C C

Question 2

Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that

Accepted Answer

A) have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) lack an asymmetric carbon. 
D) differ in the location of their double bonds. 
E) differ in their electrical charge. 
A) have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) lack an asymmetric carbon. 
D) differ in the location of their double bonds. 
E) differ in their electrical charge. B

Question 3

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Accepted Answer

A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. 
A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. E

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly describes geometric isomers?

Accepted Answer

A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C) They have the same chemical properties. 
D) They have different molecular formulas. 
E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences. 
A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C) They have the same chemical properties. 
D) They have different molecular formulas. 
E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.

Question 5

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Which molecule contains a sulfhydryl functional group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the molecules...

Question 6

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 7

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B) the study of carbon compounds. 
C) the study of vital forces. 
D) the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)compounds. 
E) the study of hydrocarbons. 
A) the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B) the study of carbon compounds. 
C) the study of vital forces. 
D) the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)compounds. 
E) the study of hydrocarbons.

Question 8

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6.
 A. $- \mathrm { OH }$
D. $- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }$

B.

E. - SH
C.

-Which is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the functional...

Question 9

Research indicates that Albuterol, a drug used to relax bronchial muscles, improving airflow and thus offering relief from asthma, consists only of one enantiomer, the R-form. Why is it important for this drug to consist of only one enantiomeric form, rather than a mixture of enantiomers?

Accepted Answer

A) Different enantiomers may have different or opposite physiological effects. 
B) It is impossible to synthesize mixtures of enantiomers. 
C) It is much less expensive to synthesize one enantiomer at a time. 
D) Albuterol is an example of a compound for which only one enantiomer exists. 
E) Only the R-form of Albuterol has been studied; until more information is available, physicians prefer to use the pure R-form. 
A) Different enantiomers may have different or opposite physiological effects. 
B) It is impossible to synthesize mixtures of enantiomers. 
C) It is much less expensive to synthesize one enantiomer at a time. 
D) Albuterol is an example of a compound for which only one enantiomer exists. 
E) Only the R-form of Albuterol has been studied; until more information is available, physicians prefer to use the pure R-form.

Question 10

Three or four of the pairs of structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule. Which pair, if any, are NOT enantiomers of a single molecule? If each of the pairs depicts enantiomers, choose answer F.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)   
F)Both illustrations in each of the other answer choices depict enantiomers of the same molecule. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)   
F)Both illustrations in each of the other answer choices depict enantiomers of the same molecule.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6.
 A. $- \mathrm { OH }$
D. $- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }$

B.

E. - SH
C.

-Which is an amino functional group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the functional...

Question 12

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study formation of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 13

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Which molecule contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the molecules...

Question 14

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) ketone and aldehyde 
B) carbonyl and carboxyl 
C) carboxyl and amino 
D) phosphate and sulfhydryl 
E) hydroxyl and aldehyde 
A) ketone and aldehyde 
B) carbonyl and carboxyl 
C) carboxyl and amino 
D) phosphate and sulfhydryl 
E) hydroxyl and aldehyde

Question 15

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

Accepted Answer

A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. 
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group. 
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base. 
D) would function as both an acid and a base. 
E) is impossible to determine how it would function. 
A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. 
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group. 
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base. 
D) would function as both an acid and a base. 
E) is impossible to determine how it would function.

Question 16

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Which molecule is an alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the molecules...

Question 17

One of the following people was the first to suggest that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, were distinctly different from inorganic compounds found in the nonliving world. Though this suggestion is now known to be incorrect, it stimulated important research into organic compounds. Who suggested this?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 18

Which of the following people synthesized an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 19

One of the following people set up a closed system to mimic Earth's early atmosphere and discharged electrical sparks through it. A variety of organic compounds common in organisms were formed. Who did this?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 20

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic 
B) hydrogen 
C) covalent 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) ionic 
B) hydrogen 
C) covalent 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

-Shown here in Figure 4.2 are the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Which of the following statements correctly describes geometric isomers?

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule contains a sulfhydryl functional group?

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8. A. B. C. D. E. -Organic chemistry is currently defined as

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6. A. −OH- \mathrm { OH }−OH D. −NH2- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }−NH2​ B. E. - SH C. -Which is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged?

Research indicates that Albuterol, a drug used to relax bronchial muscles, improving airflow and thus offering relief from asthma, consists only of one enantiomer, the R-form. Why is it important for this drug to consist of only one enantiomeric form, rather than a mixture of enantiomers?

Three or four of the pairs of structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule. Which pair, if any, are NOT enantiomers of a single molecule? If each of the pairs depicts enantiomers, choose answer F.

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6. A. −OH- \mathrm { OH }−OH D. −NH2- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }−NH2​ B. E. - SH C. -Which is an amino functional group?

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study formation of organic compounds?

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule contains a carboxyl group?

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule is an alcohol?

Which of the following people synthesized an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements?

One of the following people set up a closed system to mimic Earth's early atmosphere and discharged electrical sparks through it. A variety of organic compounds common in organisms were formed. Who did this?

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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