Question 1

Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminal of

Accepted Answer

A) T tubules. 
B) motor neuron axons. 
C) sensory neuron axons. 
D)  motor neuron dendrites. 
E) sensory neuron dendrites. 
A) T tubules. 
B) motor neuron axons. 
C) sensory neuron axons. 
D)  motor neuron dendrites. 
E) sensory neuron dendrites. B

Question 2

Skeletal fibers may be classified as either oxidative or glycolytic. Which of the following muscles would be called glycolytic?

Accepted Answer

A) those with a high concentration of myoglobin 
B) those with a large number of mitochondria 
C) the dark muscle meat of poultry 
D) those with the smallest diameters 
E) the ones most easily fatigued 
A) those with a high concentration of myoglobin 
B) those with a large number of mitochondria 
C) the dark muscle meat of poultry 
D) those with the smallest diameters 
E) the ones most easily fatigued E

Question 3

Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?

Accepted Answer

A) hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B) muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor 
C) taste receptor-chemoreceptor 
D) rod-electromagnetic receptor 
E) olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor 
A) hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B) muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor 
C) taste receptor-chemoreceptor 
D) rod-electromagnetic receptor 
E) olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor E

Question 4

Which of the following receptors is incorrectly paired with the type of energy it transduces?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors sound 
B) electromagnetic receptors magnetism 
C) chemoreceptors solute concentrations 
D) thermoreceptors heat 
E) pain receptors electricity 
A) mechanoreceptors sound 
B) electromagnetic receptors magnetism 
C) chemoreceptors solute concentrations 
D) thermoreceptors heat 
E) pain receptors electricity

Question 5

When light strikes the rhodopsin in a rod, retinal isomerizes, initiating a signal transduction pathway that

Accepted Answer

A) depolarizes the neighboring bipolar cells and initiates an action potential in a ganglion cell. 
B) depolarizes the rod, causing it to release the neurotransmitter glutamate, which excites bipolar cells. 
C) hyperpolarizes the rod, reducing its release of glutamate, which excites some bipolar cells and inhibits others. 
D) hyperpolarizes the rod, increasing its release of glutamate, which excites amacrine cells but inhibits horizontal cells. 
E) converts cGMP to GMP, opening sodium channels and hyperpolarizing the membrane, causing the rhodopsin to become bleached. 
A) depolarizes the neighboring bipolar cells and initiates an action potential in a ganglion cell. 
B) depolarizes the rod, causing it to release the neurotransmitter glutamate, which excites bipolar cells. 
C) hyperpolarizes the rod, reducing its release of glutamate, which excites some bipolar cells and inhibits others. 
D) hyperpolarizes the rod, increasing its release of glutamate, which excites amacrine cells but inhibits horizontal cells. 
E) converts cGMP to GMP, opening sodium channels and hyperpolarizing the membrane, causing the rhodopsin to become bleached.

Question 6

If a baseball player is hit in the back of the head, which part of his brain would be the most likely injured?

Accepted Answer

A) the primary visual cortex 
B) the thalamus 
C) the optic chiasma 
D) the lateral geniculate nuclei 
E) the tectorial membrane 
A) the primary visual cortex 
B) the thalamus 
C) the optic chiasma 
D) the lateral geniculate nuclei 
E) the tectorial membrane

Question 7

Why does your arm feel cold when you reach inside the refrigerator to get a container of milk?

Accepted Answer

A) Circulating levels of prostaglandins increase. 
B) The temperature of the blood circulating to the arm decreases. 
C) Thermoreceptors send signals to the cerebral cortex where the change from room temperature to refrigerator temperature is transduced. 
D) Thermoreceptors in the skin undergo accommodation, which increases their sensitivity. 
E) Thermoreceptors send signals to the posterior hypothalamus. 
A) Circulating levels of prostaglandins increase. 
B) The temperature of the blood circulating to the arm decreases. 
C) Thermoreceptors send signals to the cerebral cortex where the change from room temperature to refrigerator temperature is transduced. 
D) Thermoreceptors in the skin undergo accommodation, which increases their sensitivity. 
E) Thermoreceptors send signals to the posterior hypothalamus.

Question 8

Which of the following is an attachment site between sensory hairs that open ion channels when the hairs bend?

Accepted Answer

A) tip links 
B) statoliths 
C) otoliths 
D) round window 
E) statocysts 
A) tip links 
B) statoliths 
C) otoliths 
D) round window 
E) statocysts

Question 9

It is very difficult to sneak up to a grasshopper and catch it. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) They have excellent hearing for detecting predators. 
B) They have compound eyes with multiple ommatidia. 
C) They have eyes with multiple fovea. 
D) They have a camera-like eye with multiple fovea. 
E) They have binocular vision. 
A) They have excellent hearing for detecting predators. 
B) They have compound eyes with multiple ommatidia. 
C) They have eyes with multiple fovea. 
D) They have a camera-like eye with multiple fovea. 
E) They have binocular vision.

Question 10

Why are we able to differentiate tastes and smells?

Accepted Answer

A) The action potentials initiated by taste receptors are transmitted to a separate region of the brain than those initiated by receptors for smell. 
B) The sensory region of the cerebral cortex distinguishes something we taste from something we smell by the difference in the action potential. 
C) The brain distinguishes between taste, arising from interoreceptors, from smell arising from exteroreceptors. 
D) Because we are able to see what we are tasting, the brain uses this information to distinguish taste from smell. 
E) Taste receptors are able to detect fewer molecules of the stimulus, which means these receptors will initiate a receptor potential before smell receptors do. 
A) The action potentials initiated by taste receptors are transmitted to a separate region of the brain than those initiated by receptors for smell. 
B) The sensory region of the cerebral cortex distinguishes something we taste from something we smell by the difference in the action potential. 
C) The brain distinguishes between taste, arising from interoreceptors, from smell arising from exteroreceptors. 
D) Because we are able to see what we are tasting, the brain uses this information to distinguish taste from smell. 
E) Taste receptors are able to detect fewer molecules of the stimulus, which means these receptors will initiate a receptor potential before smell receptors do.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cells of the human retina?

Accepted Answer

A) Cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot. 
B) Cone cells are more sensitive to light than rod cells are. 
C) Cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment. 
D) Rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina. 
E) Rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells. 
A) Cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot. 
B) Cone cells are more sensitive to light than rod cells are. 
C) Cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment. 
D) Rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina. 
E) Rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells.

Question 12

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2.
   
Figure 50.2
-Which structure(s)is (are)involved in equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) 2, 3, and 4 
B) 2, 5, and 7 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 7 and 8 
A) 2, 3, and 4 
B) 2, 5, and 7 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 7 and 8

Question 13

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked condition in humans that results from abnormal dystrophin protein. The condition results in progressive weakening and atrophy of muscles, usually beginning with the legs. This is most consistent with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) an abnormality of actin protein distribution 
B) a structural abnormality of the sarcomere 
C) a disturbance of smooth muscle 
D) an abnormality of calcium channels 
E) an enzymatic abnormality 
A) an abnormality of actin protein distribution 
B) a structural abnormality of the sarcomere 
C) a disturbance of smooth muscle 
D) an abnormality of calcium channels 
E) an enzymatic abnormality

Question 14

What are animals with hydrostatic skeletons able to do that animals with exoskeletons or internal skeletons cannot do?

Accepted Answer

A) elongate 
B) crawl 
C) live in aquatic environments 
D) grow without replacing their skeleton 
E) A, B, and D 
A) elongate 
B) crawl 
C) live in aquatic environments 
D) grow without replacing their skeleton 
E) A, B, and D

Question 15

Which of the following is controlled by the magnitude of a receptor potential?

Accepted Answer

A) the rate of production of an action potential 
B) the rate of reaction of the brain 
C) the rate of response to a sensory neuron 
D) perception 
E) adaptation 
A) the rate of production of an action potential 
B) the rate of reaction of the brain 
C) the rate of response to a sensory neuron 
D) perception 
E) adaptation

Question 16

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

Accepted Answer

A) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D) hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E) hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons leading to the auditory section of the brain. 
A) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D) hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E) hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons leading to the auditory section of the brain.

Question 17

Which function associated with muscle would be most directly affected by low levels of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP hydrolysis 
B) the initiation of an action potential 
C) the muscle fiber resting membrane potential 
D) muscle contraction 
E) muscle fatigue 
A) ATP hydrolysis 
B) the initiation of an action potential 
C) the muscle fiber resting membrane potential 
D) muscle contraction 
E) muscle fatigue

Question 18

Which of the following are shared by skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) A bands and I bands 
B) transverse tubules 
C) gap junctions 
D) motor units 
E) thick and thin filaments 
A) A bands and I bands 
B) transverse tubules 
C) gap junctions 
D) motor units 
E) thick and thin filaments

Question 19

What are sensillae?

Accepted Answer

A) smell receptors in animals with hydrostatic skeletons 
B) mechanoreceptors that help birds remain oriented during flight 
C) a specific type of hair cell in the human ear 
D) insect taste receptors found on feet and mouthparts 
E) olfactory hairs located on insect antennae 
A) smell receptors in animals with hydrostatic skeletons 
B) mechanoreceptors that help birds remain oriented during flight 
C) a specific type of hair cell in the human ear 
D) insect taste receptors found on feet and mouthparts 
E) olfactory hairs located on insect antennae

Question 20

Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 50.3
-Which section consists only of myosin filaments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following...

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminal of

Skeletal fibers may be classified as either oxidative or glycolytic. Which of the following muscles would be called glycolytic?

Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?

Which of the following receptors is incorrectly paired with the type of energy it transduces?

When light strikes the rhodopsin in a rod, retinal isomerizes, initiating a signal transduction pathway that

If a baseball player is hit in the back of the head, which part of his brain would be the most likely injured?

Why does your arm feel cold when you reach inside the refrigerator to get a container of milk?

Which of the following is an attachment site between sensory hairs that open ion channels when the hairs bend?

It is very difficult to sneak up to a grasshopper and catch it. Why?

Why are we able to differentiate tastes and smells?

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cells of the human retina?

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2. Figure 50.2 -Which structure(s)is (are)involved in equilibrium?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked condition in humans that results from abnormal dystrophin protein. The condition results in progressive weakening and atrophy of muscles, usually beginning with the legs. This is most consistent with which of the following?

What are animals with hydrostatic skeletons able to do that animals with exoskeletons or internal skeletons cannot do?

Which of the following is controlled by the magnitude of a receptor potential?

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

Which function associated with muscle would be most directly affected by low levels of calcium?

Which of the following are shared by skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle?

What are sensillae?

Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following questions. Figure 50.3 -Which section consists only of myosin filaments?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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