Question 1

What impact would a nonfunctioning statocyst have on an earthworm? The earthworm would not be able to

Accepted Answer

A) move. 
B) sense light. 
C) hear. 
D) orient with respect to gravity. 
E) respond to touch. 
A) move. 
B) sense light. 
C) hear. 
D) orient with respect to gravity. 
E) respond to touch.

Question 2

Which of the following could you find in the lumen of a transverse tubule?

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular fluid 
B) cytoplasm 
C) actin 
D) myosin 
E) sarcomeres 
A) extracellular fluid 
B) cytoplasm 
C) actin 
D) myosin 
E) sarcomeres

Question 3

What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

A) break the cross-bridges as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP 
B) bind to the troponin complex, which leads to the exposure of the myosin-binding sites 
C) transmit the action potential across the neuromuscular junction 
D) spread the action potential through the T tubules 
E) reestablish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential 
A) break the cross-bridges as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP 
B) bind to the troponin complex, which leads to the exposure of the myosin-binding sites 
C) transmit the action potential across the neuromuscular junction 
D) spread the action potential through the T tubules 
E) reestablish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential

Question 4

When an organism dies, its muscles remain in a contracted state termed "rigor mortis" for a brief period of time. Which of the following most directly contributes to this phenomenon? There is no

Accepted Answer

A) ATP to move cross-bridges. 
B) ATP to break bonds between the thick and thin filaments. 
C) calcium to bind to troponin. 
D) oxygen supplied to muscle. 
E) glycogen remaining in the muscles. 
A) ATP to move cross-bridges. 
B) ATP to break bonds between the thick and thin filaments. 
C) calcium to bind to troponin. 
D) oxygen supplied to muscle. 
E) glycogen remaining in the muscles.

Question 5

Hair cells are found in structures represented by numbers

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2. 
B) 3 and 4. 
C) 5 and 7. 
D) 6 and 8. 
E) 9 and 10. 
A) 1 and 2. 
B) 3 and 4. 
C) 5 and 7. 
D) 6 and 8. 
E) 9 and 10.

Question 6

Which of the following is a sensation and not a perception?

Accepted Answer

A) seeing the colors in a rainbow 
B) a nerve impulse induced by sugar stimulating sweet receptors on the tongue 
C) the smell of natural gas escaping from an open burner on a gas stove 
D) the unique taste of french fries with cheese 
E) the sound of a fire-truck siren as it passes by your car 
A) seeing the colors in a rainbow 
B) a nerve impulse induced by sugar stimulating sweet receptors on the tongue 
C) the smell of natural gas escaping from an open burner on a gas stove 
D) the unique taste of french fries with cheese 
E) the sound of a fire-truck siren as it passes by your car

Question 7

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2.
   
Figure 50.2
-Which number represents the location of the organ of Corti?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7

Question 8

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

Accepted Answer

A) vibrations of the tympanic membrane being transmitted through the incus. 
B) vibrations of the oval window creating wave formation in the fluid of the vestibular canal. 
C) the region of the basilar membrane where the signal originated. 
D) A and C only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) vibrations of the tympanic membrane being transmitted through the incus. 
B) vibrations of the oval window creating wave formation in the fluid of the vestibular canal. 
C) the region of the basilar membrane where the signal originated. 
D) A and C only 
E) A, B, and C

Question 9

Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 50.3
-Which section consists of both actin and myosin filaments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following...

Question 10

Which of the following would be expected to expend the greatest amount of energy for locomotion per unit mass?

Accepted Answer

A) a tadpole 
B) a bony fish 
C) a terrestrial reptile 
D) a robin 
E) a whale 
A) a tadpole 
B) a bony fish 
C) a terrestrial reptile 
D) a robin 
E) a whale

Question 11

Which of the following does not form part of the thin filaments of a muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

A) actin 
B) troponin 
C) tropomyosin 
D) myosin 
E) calcium-binding site 
A) actin 
B) troponin 
C) tropomyosin 
D) myosin 
E) calcium-binding site

Question 12

Which of the following structures is the last one that sensory information would encounter during visual processing?

Accepted Answer

A) ganglion cells 
B) bipolar cells 
C) primary visual cortex 
D) optic chiasma 
E) lateral geniculate nuclei 
A) ganglion cells 
B) bipolar cells 
C) primary visual cortex 
D) optic chiasma 
E) lateral geniculate nuclei

Question 13

The transduction of sound waves into action potentials takes place

Accepted Answer

A) within the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by the hair cells. 
B) when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons. 
C) as the basilar membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions and depolarizes, initiating an action potential in a sensory neuron. 
D) as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response to the varying volume of sounds. 
E) within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by the malleus, incus, and stapes. 
A) within the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by the hair cells. 
B) when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons. 
C) as the basilar membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions and depolarizes, initiating an action potential in a sensory neuron. 
D) as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response to the varying volume of sounds. 
E) within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Question 14

Immediately after putting on a shirt, your skin feels itchy. However, the itching stops after a few minutes and you are unaware that you are wearing a shirt. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Sensory adaptation has occurred. 
B) Accommodation has increased. 
C) Transduction has increased. 
D) Motor unit recruitment has decreased. 
E) Receptor amplification has decreased. 
A) Sensory adaptation has occurred. 
B) Accommodation has increased. 
C) Transduction has increased. 
D) Motor unit recruitment has decreased. 
E) Receptor amplification has decreased.

Question 15

Which of the major senses responds by means of a very large gene family?

Accepted Answer

A) taste 
B) smell 
C) vision 
D) hearing 
E) equilibrium 
A) taste 
B) smell 
C) vision 
D) hearing 
E) equilibrium

Question 16

A given photon of light may trigger an action potential with thousands of times more energy. How is this signal strength magnified?

Accepted Answer

A) by the receptor 
B) by a G protein 
C) by an enzymatic reaction 
D) by sensory adaptation 
E) by triggering several receptors at once 
A) by the receptor 
B) by a G protein 
C) by an enzymatic reaction 
D) by sensory adaptation 
E) by triggering several receptors at once

Question 17

Which of the following is a good example of sensory adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A) olfactory receptors ceasing to produce receptor potentials when triggered by the smell of the second batch of cookies you are baking 
B) hair cells in the organ of Corti not responding to high-pitched sounds after you have worked on the same construction job for 30 years 
C) cones in the human eye failing to respond to light in the infrared range 
D) hair cells in the utricle and saccule responding to a change in orientation when you bend your neck forward after you have been reading a book 
E) rods in the human eye responding to mechanical stimulation from a blow to the back of the head so that a flash of light is perceived 
A) olfactory receptors ceasing to produce receptor potentials when triggered by the smell of the second batch of cookies you are baking 
B) hair cells in the organ of Corti not responding to high-pitched sounds after you have worked on the same construction job for 30 years 
C) cones in the human eye failing to respond to light in the infrared range 
D) hair cells in the utricle and saccule responding to a change in orientation when you bend your neck forward after you have been reading a book 
E) rods in the human eye responding to mechanical stimulation from a blow to the back of the head so that a flash of light is perceived

Question 18

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the vertebrate eye?

Accepted Answer

A) The vitreous humor regulates the amount of light entering the pupil. 
B) The transparent cornea is an extension of the sclera. 
C) The fovea is the center of the visual field and contains only cones. 
D) The ciliary muscle functions in accommodation. 
E) The retina lies just inside the choroid and contains the photoreceptor cells. 
A) The vitreous humor regulates the amount of light entering the pupil. 
B) The transparent cornea is an extension of the sclera. 
C) The fovea is the center of the visual field and contains only cones. 
D) The ciliary muscle functions in accommodation. 
E) The retina lies just inside the choroid and contains the photoreceptor cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is perceived as umami?

Accepted Answer

A) the smooth and lush taste of cheesecake 
B) a rich chocolate taste 
C) a savory complex cheese 
D) spoiled milk 
E) saltwater 
A) the smooth and lush taste of cheesecake 
B) a rich chocolate taste 
C) a savory complex cheese 
D) spoiled milk 
E) saltwater

Question 20

What do hearing, touch, and a full stomach have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) The transducers are all proprioceptors. 
B) The sensory information from all three is sent to the thalamus. 
C) The sensory receptors are all hair cells. 
D) Electrical energy is transduced to form an action potential. 
E) Only A and B are correct. 
A) The transducers are all proprioceptors. 
B) The sensory information from all three is sent to the thalamus. 
C) The sensory receptors are all hair cells. 
D) Electrical energy is transduced to form an action potential. 
E) Only A and B are correct.

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

What impact would a nonfunctioning statocyst have on an earthworm? The earthworm would not be able to

Which of the following could you find in the lumen of a transverse tubule?

What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions?

When an organism dies, its muscles remain in a contracted state termed "rigor mortis" for a brief period of time. Which of the following most directly contributes to this phenomenon? There is no

Hair cells are found in structures represented by numbers

Which of the following is a sensation and not a perception?

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2. Figure 50.2 -Which number represents the location of the organ of Corti?

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following questions. Figure 50.3 -Which section consists of both actin and myosin filaments?

Which of the following would be expected to expend the greatest amount of energy for locomotion per unit mass?

Which of the following does not form part of the thin filaments of a muscle cell?

Which of the following structures is the last one that sensory information would encounter during visual processing?

The transduction of sound waves into action potentials takes place

Immediately after putting on a shirt, your skin feels itchy. However, the itching stops after a few minutes and you are unaware that you are wearing a shirt. Why?

Which of the major senses responds by means of a very large gene family?

A given photon of light may trigger an action potential with thousands of times more energy. How is this signal strength magnified?

Which of the following is a good example of sensory adaptation?

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the vertebrate eye?

Which of the following is perceived as umami?

What do hearing, touch, and a full stomach have in common?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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