Question 1

What structural feature(s)contribute(s)most to the diverse adaptations for animal movement?

Accepted Answer

A) sensory system 
B) skeletal system 
C) muscular system 
D) nervous system 
E) B and C only 
A) sensory system 
B) skeletal system 
C) muscular system 
D) nervous system 
E) B and C only

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct sequence that occurs during the excitation and contraction of a muscle cell?
1) Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites.
2) Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex.
3) Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4) The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP.
5) An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4, 1, 5 
D) 5, 3, 1, 2, 4 
E) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4, 1, 5 
D) 5, 3, 1, 2, 4 
E) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4

Question 3

A sustained muscle contraction due to a lack of relaxation between successive stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

A) tonus. 
B) tetanus. 
C) an all-or-none response. 
D) fatigue. 
E) a spasm. 
A) tonus. 
B) tetanus. 
C) an all-or-none response. 
D) fatigue. 
E) a spasm.

Question 4

Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 50.3
-The structure pictured in Figure 50.3 can be found in which types of muscles?

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal 
B) cardiac 
C) smooth 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) skeletal 
B) cardiac 
C) smooth 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C

Question 5

The axons of rods and cones synapse with

Accepted Answer

A) ganglion cells. 
B) horizontal cells. 
C) amacrine cells. 
D) bipolar cells. 
E) lateral cells. 
A) ganglion cells. 
B) horizontal cells. 
C) amacrine cells. 
D) bipolar cells. 
E) lateral cells.

Question 6

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions

Accepted Answer

A) break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B) bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. 
C) transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber. 
D) spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E) reestablish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential. 
A) break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B) bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. 
C) transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber. 
D) spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E) reestablish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential.

Question 7

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2.
   
Figure 50.2
-Which structure(s)is (are)involved in equalizing the pressure between the ear and the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 8 
B) 5 and 7 
C) 8 
D) 9 
E) 10 
A) 1 and 8 
B) 5 and 7 
C) 8 
D) 9 
E) 10

Question 8

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2.
   
Figure 50.2
-Which number(s)represent(s)the structure or structures involved in transmitting vibrations to the oval window?

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
B) 2, 3, and 4 
C) 3 and 4 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
B) 2, 3, and 4 
C) 3 and 4 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 9

Which of the following could be associated with peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrostatic skeletons and smooth muscle 
B) hydrostatic skeletons and movement in earthworms 
C) smooth muscle and contractions along the human digestive tract causing movement of the contents within 
D) A and C only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) hydrostatic skeletons and smooth muscle 
B) hydrostatic skeletons and movement in earthworms 
C) smooth muscle and contractions along the human digestive tract causing movement of the contents within 
D) A and C only 
E) A, B, and C

Question 10

What is the correct sequence of events that would lead to a person hearing a sound?
1) transmission
2) transduction
3) integration
4) amplification

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, 4 
B) 1, 4, 2, 3 
C) 2, 4, 1, 3 
D) 3, 1, 2, 4 
E) 3, 1, 4, 2 
A) 1, 2, 3, 4 
B) 1, 4, 2, 3 
C) 2, 4, 1, 3 
D) 3, 1, 2, 4 
E) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 11

Which of the following contains mechanoreceptors that react to low frequency waves in much the same manner as our inner ear?

Accepted Answer

A) our sense of taste 
B) pain receptors 
C) receptors for light touch 
D) lateral line systems 
E) eye cups of Planaria 
A) our sense of taste 
B) pain receptors 
C) receptors for light touch 
D) lateral line systems 
E) eye cups of Planaria

Question 12

Figure 50.1
-What is the structure diagrammed in Figure 50.1?

Accepted Answer

A) a neuromast 
B) a statocyst 
C) a taste bud 
D) an ommatidium 
E) an olfactory bulb 
A) a neuromast 
B) a statocyst 
C) a taste bud 
D) an ommatidium 
E) an olfactory bulb

Question 13

What is a muscle spindle?

Accepted Answer

A) an actin-myosin complex 
B) a troponin-tropomyosin complex 
C) axons wound around muscle fibers 
D) groups of dendrite-encircled muscle fibers 
E) muscle cells that make up muscle groups 
A) an actin-myosin complex 
B) a troponin-tropomyosin complex 
C) axons wound around muscle fibers 
D) groups of dendrite-encircled muscle fibers 
E) muscle cells that make up muscle groups

Question 14

What portion of the brain has neurons that receive action potentials from chemoreceptor cells in the nose?

Accepted Answer

A) gustatory complex 
B) anterior hypothalamus 
C) olfactory bulb 
D) occipital lobe 
E) posterior pituitary 
A) gustatory complex 
B) anterior hypothalamus 
C) olfactory bulb 
D) occipital lobe 
E) posterior pituitary

Question 15

What is the relationship between taste cells and number of expressed receptor types?

Accepted Answer

A) ~10 : 1 
B) ~100 : 1 
C) ~1000 : 1 
D) 1 : 1 
E) 1 : ~100 
A) ~10 : 1 
B) ~100 : 1 
C) ~1000 : 1 
D) 1 : 1 
E) 1 : ~100

Question 16

Why is it less useful to think of behavior as a linear series of sensing, analyzing, and acting than as a continuous cyclical process?

Accepted Answer

A) When an organism senses something, it reacts virtually simultaneously and too quickly to be sequential. 
B) When an organism is acting it may also be sensing and analyzing another stimulus. 
C) An organism only acts cyclically and never as a result of just one stimulus. 
D) An organism does not always analyze a stimulus before acting on it. 
E) The brain of an organism must always receive sensation and perceive it before reacting to any other. 
A) When an organism senses something, it reacts virtually simultaneously and too quickly to be sequential. 
B) When an organism is acting it may also be sensing and analyzing another stimulus. 
C) An organism only acts cyclically and never as a result of just one stimulus. 
D) An organism does not always analyze a stimulus before acting on it. 
E) The brain of an organism must always receive sensation and perceive it before reacting to any other.

Question 17

If a stimulus is to be perceived by the nervous system, which part of the sensory pathway must occur first?

Accepted Answer

A) integration 
B) transmission 
C) transduction 
D) reception 
E) amplification 
A) integration 
B) transmission 
C) transduction 
D) reception 
E) amplification

Question 18

Some sharks close their eyes just before they bite. Although they cannot see their prey, their bites are on target. Researchers have noted that sharks often misdirect their bites at metal objects, and that sharks can find batteries buried under the sand of an aquarium. This evidence suggests that sharks keep track of their prey during the split second before they bite in the same way that a

Accepted Answer

A) rattlesnake finds a mouse in its burrow. 
B) male silkworm moth locates a mate. 
C) bat finds moths in the dark. 
D) platypus locates its prey in a muddy river. 
E) flatworm avoids light places. 
A) rattlesnake finds a mouse in its burrow. 
B) male silkworm moth locates a mate. 
C) bat finds moths in the dark. 
D) platypus locates its prey in a muddy river. 
E) flatworm avoids light places.

Question 19

"Hot" peppers taste this way because of capsaicin. It is said to taste hot because

Accepted Answer

A) it excites the same brain region as other spicy foods. 
B) it causes pain even in small doses. 
C) it elicits anti-prostaglandins. 
D) it is a G-protein mediated effect. 
E) it activates the same receptors as something heated. 
A) it excites the same brain region as other spicy foods. 
B) it causes pain even in small doses. 
C) it elicits anti-prostaglandins. 
D) it is a G-protein mediated effect. 
E) it activates the same receptors as something heated.

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

What structural feature(s)contribute(s)most to the diverse adaptations for animal movement?

A sustained muscle contraction due to a lack of relaxation between successive stimuli is called

Use Figure 50.3 to answer the following questions. Figure 50.3 -The structure pictured in Figure 50.3 can be found in which types of muscles?

The axons of rods and cones synapse with

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2. Figure 50.2 -Which structure(s)is (are)involved in equalizing the pressure between the ear and the atmosphere?

The following questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 50.2. Figure 50.2 -Which number(s)represent(s)the structure or structures involved in transmitting vibrations to the oval window?

Which of the following could be associated with peristalsis?

What is the correct sequence of events that would lead to a person hearing a sound? 1) transmission 2) transduction 3) integration 4) amplification

Which of the following contains mechanoreceptors that react to low frequency waves in much the same manner as our inner ear?

Figure 50.1 -What is the structure diagrammed in Figure 50.1?

What is a muscle spindle?

What portion of the brain has neurons that receive action potentials from chemoreceptor cells in the nose?

What is the relationship between taste cells and number of expressed receptor types?

Why is it less useful to think of behavior as a linear series of sensing, analyzing, and acting than as a continuous cyclical process?

If a stimulus is to be perceived by the nervous system, which part of the sensory pathway must occur first?

"Hot" peppers taste this way because of capsaicin. It is said to taste hot because

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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